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Orchestes testaceus (Müller, 1766) [Coleoptera: Curculionidae]. Orchestes testaceus (Müller, 1766) Salius calceatus Germar, 1821. Orchestes calceatus (Germar, 1821). Rhynchaenus albopilosus Reiche, 1864. Orchestes canus Horn, 1878. Salius carnifex Germar, 1821. Orchestes pallidior Leng, 1916. Curculio pilosus Paykull, 1800. Orchestes pubescens Schoenherr, 1835. Curculio rufus Müller, 1776. Rhynchaenus scutellaris Fabricius, 1801. Rhynchaenus semirufus Gyllenhal, 1827 Rhynchaenus siebkei Münster, 1928. Orchestes suturalis Zetterstedt, 1840.

Leaf-mine: Oviposition in the underside of the midrib or a thick lateral vein; later a large scar is visible there. Initially the larva tunnels in the midrib or vein, that inflates and disfigures somewhat as a result. Then the larva starts a corridor in the leaf blade, quite narrow at first, but strongly widening as the larva approaches the leaf margin or leaf tip. The mine is reddish brown in colour. The mature larva makes itself a dark brown globular cocoon in the mine and pupates there. Because the mine is made at a time that the leaf still is unfolding, the leaf becomes permanently rumpled. In the course of the summer the mine erodes away, but the combination of the oviposition scar, the swolllen mibrib and the frayed leave missing a large part of its distal half remains unmistakable (Bladmineerders van Europa, as testaceus). Larva: Unknown. Pupa: Unknown. Comments: Alonso-Zarazaga in Fauna Europaea treats Orchestes calceatus (Germar, 1821) as a junior synonym of Orchestes testaceus (Müller, 1766) following Anderson (1989). According to Morris in Duff (2008) Orchestes calceatus Germar, 1821 on Betula pubescens is distinct from Orchestes testaceus (Müller, 1766) on Alnus in Britain. Hosts in Britain: Betulaceae       Alnus     Morris in Duff, 2008 (as testaceus) Betula     British leafminers (as testaceus) Betula pubescens Downy Birch Morris in Duff, 2008 (as calceatus) Hosts elsewhere: Betulaceae       Alnus glutinosa Alder Bladmineerders van Europa (as testaceus including caleceatus) Alnus incana Grey Alder Bladmineerders van Europa (as testaceus including caleceatus) Alnus minor   Bladmineerders van Europa (as testaceus including caleceatus) Alnus x hybrida   Bladmineerders van Europa (as testaceus including caleceatus on Alnus x pubescens) Alnus spaethii   Bladmineerders van Europa (as testaceus including caleceatus) Betula pendula Silver Birch Bladmineerders van Europa (as testaceus including caleceatus) Betula pubescens Downy Birch Bladmineerders van Europa (as testaceus including caleceatus) Time of year - larvae: July (British leafminers, as testaceus on Betula). Time of year - adults: Unknown. Distribution in Great Britain & Ireland: There are records of Orchestes testaceus including Orchestes calceatus from Cambs (British leafminers, Cheshire, Glamorgan, Hertford, Hunts, Northampton, Nottingham and West Kent (NBN Gateway distribution map - CCW and NE, as testaceus). Distribution elsewhere: There are records of Orchestes testaceus including Orchestes calceatus in Europe including Danish mainland, Finland, French mainland, Germany, Italian mainland, Norwegian mainland, Poland, Romania, Russia - Central, East, North, Northwest and South, Sardinia, Slovakia, Sweden, Yugoslavia and in the Nearctic region (Alonso-Zarazaga in Fauna Europaea). NBN Distribution maps of known host species in Britain and elsewhere: Alnus glutinosa, Alnus incana, Alnus x hybrida, Betula pendula, Betula pubescens Parasitoids in Britain and elsewhere: Unknown.

External links:	Search the internet:
British leafminers (including calceatus) NBN Gateway (including calceatus) Bladmineerders van Europa (including calceatus) Fauna Europaea [250999] (including calceatus).	Find using Google Find using Google Scholar Find images using Google

Last updated 08-Feb-2010  Brian Pitkin