Leaf-mine: Larva producing a short narrow linear mine not associated with the margin, which then develops into a conspicuous white blotch centred on the mid-rib. At the end of feeding the larva lies for one or two days along the mid-rib. Pupation external (Spencer, 1972: 37 (fig. 114b); Spencer, 1976: 126, fig. 213A).

Broad and short hook-like upper-surface corridor, ending in a little blotch in the centre of a leaflet. The blotch is upper-surface as well, but has some deep spots, giving the mine a mottled appearance when hold against the light. Frass in the blotch in a few large lumps. Pupation outside the mine (Bladmineerders van Europa).

A short, broad gallery leading to a conspicuous, roundish white blotch in the centre of the leaf. The blotch is upper surface with full depth spots - comprising of large clumps of frass (British leafminers).

Larva: The larva is described by de Meijere (1925), Beri (1971b) and illustrated in Bladmineerders van Europa.

Puparium: Reddish (Spencer, 1976: 126).

Hosts in Britain:

Hosts elsewhere:

Time of year - mines: Bivoltine: summer and early autumn (British leafminers).

Time of year - adults: Unknown.

Distribution in Great Britain and Ireland: Common and widely distributed in England, also recorded from Inverness (Nethy Bridge), Perth (Killin), Skye (nr Armadale) (Spencer, 1972: 41), the Inner Hebrides (Isle of Coll) (Bland, 1992), Rum (Bland in Whiteley, 1994), Warwickshire (Robbins, 1991: 43), Caernarvonshire, Cambridgeshire, Cardiganshire, East Kent, East Norfolk, East Ross, East Suffolk, East Sussex, Glamorgan, Linlithgow, Mid-west Yorkshire, Monmouthshire, South-east Yorkshire, South-west Yorkshire, Stafford and Surrey, West Norfolk and West Suffolk (NBN Gateway - N.B. includes Watsonian Vice Counties having publicly available records that fall within or overlap the vice county border at 10km resolution or better i.e. a record for a vice county may relate to an adjacent vice county - for included datasets see NBN Grid map below); and Huntingdon (British leafminers). Also recorded in the Republic of Ireland: Co. Clare, Co. Kerry and Co. Mayo (Spencer, 1972: 41).

NBN Grid map: Note that not all datasets on the NBN Gateway may be available on the map below. If you are an NBN Gateway registered user you can request access for missing datasets via the link 'Open interactive map in new window' below.

Distribution elsewhere: Widespread and common in continental Europe including Denmark, Finland, Norway (Spencer, 1976: 125), The Netherlands, Luxembourg (Bladmineerders van Europa), Belgium (Scheirs, de Bruyn and von Tschirnhaus, 1996), Germany (Spencer, 1976: 546), Canary Is., Czech Republic, Estonia, European Turkey, French mainland, Hungary, Italian mainland, Latvia, Lithuania, Malta, Republic of Moldova, Poland, Romania, Sardinia, Sicily, Slovakia, Spanish mainland, Switzerland, Ukraine and Yugoslavia (Martinez in Fauna Europaea).

Also recorded in north Africa and northern India (Spencer, 1976: 125).

NBN interactive distribution map(s) of known host species in Great Britain and Ireland and elsewhere:

Parasitoids in Britain and elsewhere:

Biodiversity Heritage Library
Bladmineerders van Europa
British leafminers
Encyclopedia of Life
Fauna Europaea [128900]
NBN Gateway