Leaf-mine: The larva mines the lower surface of rachis, close to the lesf tip. The upper surface is left intact, resulting in growth disturbance that causes the leaf tip to strongly curl downwards. Larva generally solitary. Pupation within the roll (Bladmineerders van Europa).

The miner causes the pinna tip to curl downwards (British leafminers).

Larva: The larva is described by de Meijere (1911) and illustrated in Bladmineerders van Europa. The larval mouthparts are illustrated in British leafminers.

Puparium: Details unknown.

Comments: Included in Redfern et al. (2002: 397, fig 645) in keys to galls, although the diagnostic features state the 'white larva mines along main vein'. Ackland in Chandler (1978) did not indicate whether his host record was British or Foreign and is therefore included under 'Hosts in Britain' and 'Hosts elsewhere'.

Hosts in Britain:

Hosts elsewhere:

Time of year - mines: August - October (British leafminers).

Time of year - adults: Unknown.

Distribution in Great Britain and Ireland: Common and widely distributed including Warwickshire (Robbins, 1991), Berkshire, Brecon, Cheshire, Denbighshire, Derbyshire, East Cornwall, East Kent, East Norfolk, East Ross, East Suffolk, East Sussex, Easterness, Elgin, Flintshire, Glamorgan, Herefordshire, Isle Of Man, Isle Of Wight, North Essex, North Lincolnshire, North Somerset, North Wiltshire, Oxfordshire, Shropshire, South Devon, South Hampshire, South Lancaster, South Somerset, South Wiltshire, South-west Yorkshire, Stafford, Surrey, West Cornwall, West Gloucestershire, West Kent, West Norfolk, West Sussex, Westmorland and Worcestershire (NBN Gateway - N.B. includes Watsonian Vice Counties having publicly available records that fall within or overlap the vice county border at 10km resolution or better i.e. a record for a vice county may relate to an adjacent vice county - for included datasets see NBN Grid map below).

Also recorded in the Republic of Ireland (Michelsen, in Fauna Europaea).

NBN Grid map: Note that not all datasets on the NBN Gateway may be available on the map below. If you are an NBN Gateway registered user you can request access for missing datasets via the link 'Open interactive map in new window' below.

Distribution elsewhere: Widespread in continental Europe including The Netherlands (Bladmineerders van Europa) and Belgium (Gosseries and Ackland, 1991), Croatia, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, French mainland, Germany, Lithuanaia, Norwegian mainland, Russia - Central and North, Slovakia, Spanish mainland and Sweden (Michelsen, in Fauna Europaea).

Also recorded East Palaearctic Region (Michelsen, in Fauna Europaea).

NBN interactive distribution map(s) of known host species in Great Britain and Ireland and elsewhere:

Parasitoids in Britain and elsewhere: Unknown.