|
Leaf-mine:
Mine linear, whitish, both upper and lower surface. Pupation
internal, at the end of the mine with the anterior spiracles projecting
through the epidermis (Spencer,
1976: 433). The mine is illustrated in British
leafminers and Nederlandse
bladmineerders.
Larva:
The larvae is described by Dempewolf (2001:
202).
Puparium:
Whitish (Spencer, 1976: 433).
The puparium is illustrated by Ellis (Nederlandse
bladmineerders).
Comments:
Two highly polyphagous species of Chromatomyia, with indistinguishable
mines, have been recorded on Asteraceae in Britain. These are syngenesiae
(Hardy), which is almost entirely restricted to Asteraceae and horticola
(Goureau), which mines numerous plant families including Asteraceae.
The two species can only be distinguished by the structure of the
male genitalia.
British
records of syngenesiae,
horticola or
'atricornis' on hosts
other than Asteraceae in Britain, except when the male genitalia
have been examined (i.e. Dahlia),
are assumed here to represent horticola.
British
records of horticola
and syngenesiae on
Asteraceae hosts not based on examination of the genitalia of reared
males are treated here as Chromatomyia
'atricornis'.
Hosts
cited here include 78 plant genera in 17 families of which 41 plant
genera in 17 famailies are records for Britain.
As
the mines of horticola
and syngenesiae
are indistinguishable, the chalcidoid parasitoids recorded from
these two species are listed under 'atricornis'.
Hosts
in Britain:
| Apiaceae |
|
|
|
| Pastinaca
|
|
|
Robbins,
1991: 66 |
| Asteraceae |
|
|
|
| Dahlia
|
|
|
Griffiths,
1967b |
| Dahlia
|
|
|
Spencer,
1972b: 113 |
| Dahlia
|
pinnata |
Dahlia |
Pitkin,
in Pitkin & Plant, 2005 |
| Brassicaceae |
|
|
|
| Alliaria |
petiolata |
Garlic
Mustard |
Pitkin,
in Pitkin & Plant, 2005 |
| Armoracia
|
|
|
Robbins,
1991: 30 |
| Armoracia |
rusticana |
Horse-Radish |
Pitkin,
in Pitkin & Plant, 2005 |
| Brassica
|
|
|
Robbins,
1991: 30 |
| Brassica
|
nigra
|
Black
Mustard |
Spencer,
1972b: 115 |
| Brassica
|
nigra
|
Black
Mustard |
Mines
in BMNH (as
atricornis) |
| Capsella
|
|
|
Robbins,
1991: 30 |
| Capsella
|
bursa-pastoris
|
Shepherd's-purse |
Mines
in BMNH (as
atricornis) |
| Capsella
|
bursa-pastoris
|
Shepherd's-purse |
Spencer,
1972b: 115 |
| Cardaria |
draba |
|
Pitkin,
in Pitkin & Plant, 2005 |
| Cheiranthus
|
|
|
Robbins,
1991: 30 |
| Cheiranthus
|
cheiri |
|
Pitkin,
in Pitkin & Plant, 2005 |
| Coincya |
wrightii |
Lundy
Cabbage |
Compton
& Key, 2000 |
| Conringia
|
|
|
Robbins,
1983-7 |
| Conringia
|
orientalis |
Garlic
Mustard |
Pitkin,
in Pitkin & Plant, 2005 |
| Hesperis
|
matronalis
|
Dame's-violet |
Mines
in BMNH (as
atricornis) |
| Hesperis
|
matronalis
|
Dame's-violet |
Spencer,
1972b: 115 |
| Lepidium
|
|
|
Mines
in BMNH (as
atricornis) |
| Sinapis
|
|
|
Robbins,
1991: 30 |
| Sisymbrium
|
|
|
Robbins,
1991: 30 |
| Sisymbrium
|
assoanum
|
|
Spencer,
1972b: 116 |
| Sisymbrium
|
officinale |
Hedge
Mustard |
Pitkin,
in Pitkin & Plant, 2005 |
| Thlaspi
|
|
|
Robbins,
1991: 30 |
| Campanulaceae |
|
|
|
| Jasione |
montana |
Sheep's-bit |
Pitkin,
in Pitkin & Plant, 2005 |
| Cannabaceae |
|
|
|
| Cannabis
|
sativa
|
Hemp |
Mines
in BMNH |
| Chenopodiaceae |
|
|
|
| Chenopodium
|
|
|
Robbins,
1991: 36 |
| Cucurbitaceae |
|
|
|
| Bryonia
|
|
|
Robbins,
1991: 68 (as syngenesiae) |
| Bryonia
|
dioica |
White
Bryony |
Pitkin,
in Pitkin & Plant, 2005 |
| Cucurbita
|
maxima |
Pumpkin |
Pitkin,
in Pitkin & Plant, 2005 |
| Cucurbita
|
pepo |
Marrow |
Pitkin,
in Pitkin & Plant, 2005 |
| Cucumis |
sativus |
Cucumber |
Pitkin,
in Pitkin & Plant, 2005 |
| Fabaceae |
|
|
|
| Lathyrus
|
|
|
Robbins,
1983: 22 |
| Lupinus
|
|
|
Mines
in BMNH |
| Lupinus
|
|
|
Robbins,
1991: 41 |
| Lupinus
|
polyphyllus
|
Garden
Lupin |
Mines
in BMNH (as atricornis) |
| Medicago
|
|
|
Robbins,
1991: 44 |
| Melilotus
|
|
|
Pitkin,
in Pitkin & Plant, 2005 |
| Melilotus
|
officinalis
|
Ribbed
Melilot |
Mines
in BMNH (as atricornis) |
| Phaseolus |
|
|
Pitkin,
in Pitkin & Plant, 2005 |
| Pisum
|
|
|
Robbins,
1983: 22 |
| Pisum
|
|
|
Spencer,
1972b: 84 |
| Pisum
|
|
|
Spencer,
1973a |
| Pisum
|
sativum
|
Garden
Pea |
Griffiths,
1967b |
| Pisum
|
sativum
|
Garden
Pea |
Mines
in BMNH |
| Pisum
|
sativum
|
Garden
Pea |
Spencer,
1972b: 117 |
| Pisum
|
sativum
|
Garden
Pea |
Mines
in BMNH (as atricornis) |
| Vicia
|
sepium
|
Bush
Vetch |
Griffiths,
1967b |
| Vicia
|
sepium
|
Bush
Vetch |
Spencer,
1972b: 118 |
| Vicia
|
tetrasperma |
Smooth
Tare |
Pitkin,
in Pitkin & Plant, 2005 |
| Lamiaceae |
|
|
|
| Galeopsis
|
|
|
Robbins,
1991: 103 (as syngenesiae) |
| Galeopsis
|
|
|
Spencer,
1972b: 84 |
| Galeopsis
|
|
|
Mines
in BMNH (as atricornis) |
| Galeopsis
|
tetrahit
|
Common
Hemp-nettle |
Spencer,
1972b: 116 |
| Mentha
|
|
|
Pitkin,
in Pitkin & Plant, 2005 |
| Mentha
|
spicata
|
Spear
Mint |
Mines
in BMNH (as atricornis) |
| Ocimum
|
basilicum
|
Sweet
Basil |
Mines
in BMNH |
| Liliaceae |
|
|
|
| Allium |
sativum |
Garlic |
Pitkin,
in Pitkin & Plant, 2005 |
| Linaceae |
|
|
|
| Linum
|
|
|
Robbins,
1991: 38 |
| Malvaceae |
|
|
|
| Althaea
|
|
|
Robbins,
1983: 22 |
| Lavatera
|
arborea
|
Tree-mallow |
Spencer,
1972b: 117 |
| Lavatera
|
arborea
|
Tree-mallow |
Mines
in BMNH |
| Malva
|
|
|
Mines
in BMNH (as atricornis) |
| Malva
|
|
|
Robbins,
1991: 37 |
| Malva
|
sylvestris
|
Common
Mallow |
Spencer,
1972b: 117 |
| Papaveraceae |
|
|
|
| Chelidonium
|
|
|
Robbins,
1991: 28 |
| Meconopsis
|
|
|
Robbins,
1991: 28 |
| Meconopsis
|
cambrica |
Welsh
Poppy |
Pitkin,
in Pitkin & Plant, 2005 |
| Papaver
|
sp. |
|
Spencer,
1972b: 117 |
| Papaver
|
|
|
Robbins,
1991: 28 |
| Papaver
|
rhoeas
|
Common
Poppy |
Mines
in BMNH (as atricornis) |
| Papaver
|
somniferum
|
Opium
Poppy |
Mines
in BMNH (as atricornis) |
| Plantaginaceae |
|
|
|
| Plantago
|
|
|
Robbins,
1991: 104 |
| Plantago
|
maritima |
Sea Plantain |
Pitkin,
in Pitkin & Plant, 2005 |
| Resedaceae |
|
|
|
| Reseda
|
|
|
Robbins,
1991: 31 |
| Reseda
|
luteola
|
Weld |
Mines
in BMNH (as atricornis) |
| Scrophulariaceae |
|
|
|
| Antirrhinum
|
|
|
Pitkin,
in Pitkin & Plant, 2005 |
| Antirrhinum
|
|
|
Robbins,
1991: 99 |
| Cymbalaria |
|
|
Pitkin,
in Pitkin & Plant, 2005 |
| Kickxia
|
|
|
Robbins,
1991: 99 |
| Linaria
|
|
|
Robbins,
1991: 99 |
| Linaria
|
purpurea |
Purple
Toadflax |
Pitkin,
in Pitkin & Plant, 2005 |
| Linaria
|
vulgaris
|
Common
Toadflax |
Mines
in BMNH (as atricornis) |
| Misopates |
|
|
Pitkin,
in Pitkin & Plant, 2005 |
| Solanaceae |
|
|
|
| Atropa |
|
|
Pitkin,
in Pitkin & Plant, 2005 |
| Lycopersicon |
esculentum |
Tomato |
Pitkin,
in Pitkin & Plant, 2005 |
| Nicotiana |
|
|
Pitkin,
in Pitkin & Plant, 2005 |
| Nicotiana
|
tabacum
|
Tobacco |
Spencer,
1973a |
| Tropaeolum
|
|
|
Mines
in BMNH (as atricornis) |
| Tropaeolum
|
|
|
Robbins,
1991: 31 |
| Tropaeolum
|
majus
|
Nasturtium |
Spencer,
1972b: 120 |
| Valerianaceae |
|
|
|
| Centranthus
|
|
|
Robbins,
1991: 107 |
| Valeriana
|
|
|
Mines
in BMNH (as atricornis) |
Hosts
elsewhere:
| Anacardiaceae |
|
|
|
| Ruta |
|
|
Nederlandse
bladmineerders |
| Asteraceae |
|
|
|
| Ageratum
|
|
|
Spencer,
1990: 289 |
| Andryala
|
|
|
Spencer,
1990: 256 |
| Artemisia
|
|
|
Spencer,
1990: 301 |
| Bidens
|
|
|
Spencer,
1990: 320 |
| Carduus
|
|
|
Spencer,
1990: 251 |
| Carthamus
|
|
|
Spencer,
1990: 249 |
| Centaurea
|
|
|
Spencer,
1990: 251 |
| Chrysanthemum
|
|
|
Spencer,
1990: 301 |
| Cineraria
|
|
|
Spencer,
1990: 293 |
| Cirsium
|
|
|
Spencer,
1990: 251 |
| Cissampelopsis
|
|
|
Spencer,
1990: 293 |
| Coreopsis
|
|
|
Spencer,
1990: 320 |
| Cosmos
|
|
|
Spencer,
1990: 316 |
| Cotula
|
|
|
Spencer,
1990: 301 |
| Dahlia
|
|
|
Spencer,
1990: 309 |
| Gaillardia
|
|
|
Spencer,
1990: 309 |
| Galinsoga
|
|
|
Spencer,
1990: 316 |
| Gazania
|
|
|
Spencer,
1990: 249 |
| Gnaphalium
|
|
|
Spencer,
1990: 273 |
| Gynura
|
|
|
Spencer,
1990: 293 |
| Helianthus
|
|
|
Spencer,
1990: 316 |
| Helichrysum
|
|
|
Spencer,
1990: 273 |
| Inula
|
|
|
Spencer,
1990: 273 |
| Lactuca
|
|
|
Spencer,
1990: 259 |
| Launaea
|
|
|
Spencer,
1990: 259 |
| Matricaria
|
|
|
Spencer,
1990: 301 |
| Senecio
|
|
|
Spencer,
1990: 293 |
| Sonchus
|
|
|
Spencer,
1990: 259 |
| Tanacetum
|
|
|
Spencer,
1990: 301 |
| Taraxacum
|
|
|
Spencer,
1990: 259 |
| Brassicaceae |
|
|
|
| Sisymbrium
|
|
|
Mines
in BMNH |
| Cannabaceae |
|
|
|
| Cannabis
|
|
|
Hering,
1957a (as atricornis) |
| Cannabis
|
|
|
Spencer,
1990: 53 |
| Humulus
|
|
|
Hering,
1957a (as atricornis) |
| Humulus
|
|
|
Spencer,
1990: 53 |
| Chenopodiaceae |
|
|
|
| Atriplex |
|
|
Nederlandse
bladmineerders |
| Fabaceae |
|
|
|
| Vicia
|
narbonensis
|
Narbonne
Vetch |
Mines
in BMNH |
| Malvaceae |
|
|
|
| Alcea
|
rosea
|
Hollyhock |
Mines
in BMNH (as atricornis) |
| Althaea
|
|
|
Hering,
1957a (as atricornis) |
| Althaea
|
|
|
Spencer,
1990: 92 |
| Anoda
|
|
|
Spencer,
1990: 92 |
| Hibiscus
|
|
|
Hering,
1957a (as atricornis) |
| Hibiscus
|
|
|
Spencer,
1990: 92 |
| Kitaibela
|
|
|
Hering,
1957a (as atricornis) |
| Kitaibela
|
|
|
Spencer,
1990: 92 |
| Lavatera
|
triloba
|
|
Mines
in BMNH (as atricornis) |
| Malva
|
|
|
Hering,
1957a (as atricornis) |
| Malva
|
borealis
|
|
Mines
in BMNH (as atricornis) |
| Malva
|
neglecta
|
Dwarf
Mallow |
Griffiths,
1967b |
| Palava
|
|
|
Hering
1957 (as atricornis) |
| Palava
|
|
|
Spencer,
1990: 92 |
| Papaveraceae |
|
|
|
| Glaucium
|
|
|
Hering,
1957a (as atricornis) |
| Glaucium
|
|
|
Spencer,
1990: 22 |
| Papaver
|
|
|
Hering,
1957a (as atricornis) |
| Papaver
|
|
|
Mines
in BMNH (as atricornis) |
| Papaver
|
somniferum
|
Opium
Poppy |
Griffiths,
1967b |
| Plantaginaceae |
|
|
|
| Plantago
|
|
|
Hering,
1957a (as atricornis) |
| Plantago
|
lanceolata
|
Ribwort
Plantain |
Griffiths,
1967b |
| Resedaceae |
|
|
|
| Reseda
|
|
|
Hering,
1957a (as atricornis) |
| Reseda
|
|
|
Spencer,
1990: 86 |
| Scrophulariaceae |
|
|
|
| Linaria
|
vulgaris
|
Common
Toadflax |
Mines
in BMNH (as atricornis) |
| Scrophularia |
|
|
Nederlandse
bladmineerders |
| Solanaceae |
|
|
|
| Tropaeolum
|
|
|
Hering,
1957a (as atricornis) |
| Tropaeolum
|
|
|
Mines
in BMNH (as atricornis) |
| Tropaeolum
|
majus
|
Nasturtium |
Griffiths,
1967b |
| Tropaeolum
|
majus
|
Nasturtium |
Mines
in BMNH (as atricornis) |
| Valerianaceae |
|
|
|
| Centranthus
|
|
|
Hering,
1957a (as atricornis) |
| Valeriana
|
|
|
Hering,
1957a (as atricornis) |
| Valeriana
|
officinalis
|
Common
Valerian |
Griffiths,
1967b |
| Valeriana
|
sambucifolia
|
|
Griffiths,
1967b |
| Valerianella
|
|
|
Hering,
1957a (as atricornis) |
Time
of year - mines: Unknown.
Time
of year - adults: Unknown.
Distribution
in Britain: Widespread in southern Britain (Spencer,
1972b: 87) including Warwick (Holbrooks) (Robbins,
1991: 144) and North Somerset and Surrey (NBN
Gateway distribution map - NE).
Also
recorded in the Republic of Ireland (Martinez in Fauna
Europaea).
Distribution
elsewhere: Old World. Common throughout Europe including the
Mediterranean area (Spencer,
1976: 432), The Netherlands, Luxembourg (Nederlandse
bladmineerders), Belgium (de
Bruyn & von Tschirnhaus, 1991), Germany (Dempewolf,
2001: 202), ? Albania, Austria, Azores, Canary Is., Corsica,
Czech Republic, Denmark, European Turkey, Finland, French mainland,
Greek mainland, Hungary, Italian mainland, Lithuania, Madeira, Malta,
Norwegian mainland, Poland, Republic of Moldova, Romania, Sardinia,
Sicily, Slovakia, Spanish mainland, Sweden, Switzerland and Yugoslavia
(Martinez in Fauna
Europaea).
Also
recorded in Africa, India, China and Japan, but not known from North
or South America (Spencer, 1976:
432).
Parasitoids:
See C. 'atricornis'.
Adults:
 |
| Wing
of Chromatomyia horticola |
|
