Chromatomyia
syngenesiae Hardy, 1849
[Diptera:
Agromyzidae]
Chrysanthemum
Leaf-miner
Chromatomyia
syngenesiae
Hardy, 1849a. Ann. Mag. nat. Hist. (2) 4(24): 391.
Phytomyza chrysanthemi Kowarz, 1891, in Lindner. JOURNAL:
242
Phytomyza syngenesiae (Hardy, 1849a); Griffiths, 1967b.
Stuttgarter Beitr. Ent. 177: 177.
Phytomyza syngenesiae (Hardy, 1849a); Spencer, 1972. Handbk
ident. Br. Ins. 10(5g): 87.
Phytomyza syngenesiae (Hardy, 1849a); Spencer, 1976. Fauna
ent. Scand. 5(1): 510-11, figs 894-5.
Chromatomyia syngenesiae Hardy, 1849a; Spencer, 1990. Host
specialization in the World Agromyzidae (Diptera) : 265, 266
(fig. 1004), and more.
Chromatomyia syngenesiae Hardy, 1849a; Bland, 2000. Dipterists
Digest 7: 11.
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|
Leaf-mine:
Mine linear, whitish, both upper and lower surface. Pupation internal,
at the end of the mine, with the anterior spiracles projecting through
the epidermis (Spencer, 1976:
510).
Generally
upper-surface corridor. Frass in isolated grains. Pupation in the
mine, in a, usually lower-surface, pupal chamber (Bladmineerders van Europa).
Larva:
Details unknown. White (Bladmineerders van Europa).
Puparium:
White or more rarely darker, brownish (Spencer,
1976: 510). The puparium mostly is white (but parasited puparia
are black). The anterior spiracles penetrate the plant epidermis
as tiny brown hooks (Bladmineerders van Europa).
Is normally white, but can be brown . The anterior spiracles project through the leaf epidermis (British
leafminers).
Comments:
Two highly polyphagous species of Chromatomyia, with indistinguishable
mines, have been recorded in Britain. These are syngenesiae
(Hardy) and horticola
(Goureau). Griffiths (1967b)
after critical examination of male genitalia, confirmed that the
hosts of syngenesiae
are almost exclusively genera of Asteraceae, with just two exceptions,
one on Daucus [Apiaceae]
in Denmark and the other on Pisum
[Fabaceae] in California, U.S.A. C.
horticola mines numerous plant families including Asteraceae.
The two species can only be distinguished by the structure of the
male genitalia.
British
records of syngenesiae,
horticola or
'atricornis' on hosts
other than Asteraceae in Britain, are assumed to represent horticola.
British
records of horticola
and syngenesiae
on Asteraceae hosts not based on examination of the genitalia of
reared males are treated here as Chromatomyia
'atricornis' and may represent either horticola
or syngenesiae.
Recorded
in Britain on 27 plant genera in the family Asteraceae and many
more elsewhere.
As
the mines of horticola
and syngenesiae
are indistinguishable, the chalcidoid parasitoids recorded from
these two species are listed under 'atricornis'.
Leontodon
autumnalis is treated as Scorzoneroides autumnalis (Autumn
Hawkbit) by Stace (2010).
Hosts
in Britain:
| Asteraceae |
|
|
|
| Arctium
|
pubens
|
Lesser
Burdock |
Bland,
1992 |
| Arnoseris
|
minima
|
Lamb's
Succory |
Spencer,
1972: 111 |
| Chrysanthemum
|
argyrophyllum
|
|
Griffiths,
1967b |
| Chrysanthemum
|
argyrophyllum
|
|
Spencer,
1972: 112 |
| Inula
|
crithmoides
|
Golden-samphire |
Griffiths,
1967b |
| Inula
|
crithmoides
|
Golden-samphire |
Spencer,
1972: 113 |
| Leucanthemum
|
vulgare
|
Oxeye
Daisy |
Griffiths,
1967b |
| Leucanthemum
|
vulgare
|
Oxeye
Daisy |
Spencer,
1972: 112 |
| Leontodon
|
autumnalis
|
Autumn
Hawkbit |
Bland,
1992 |
| Senecio
|
arvensis
|
|
Griffiths,
1967b |
| Senecio
|
asper
|
|
Griffiths,
1967b |
| Senecio
|
jacobaea
|
Common
Ragwort |
Griffiths,
1967b |
| Senecio
|
jacobaea
|
Common
Ragwort |
Spencer,
1972: 114 |
| Serratula
|
tinctoria
|
Saw-wort |
Griffiths,
1967b |
| Serratula
|
tinctoria
|
Saw-wort |
Spencer,
1972: 114 |
| Sonchus |
oleraceus
|
Smooth
Sow-thistle |
Spencer,
1972: 114 |
| Tanacetum
|
vulgare
|
Tansy |
Griffiths,
1967b |
| Tanacetum
|
vulgare
|
Tansy |
Spencer,
1972: 115 |
| Taraxacum
|
|
|
Spencer,
1972: 87 |
| Taraxacum
|
|
|
Bland
in Whiteley, 1994 |
Hosts
elsewhere:
| Asteraceae |
|
|
|
| Achillea
|
|
|
Spencer,
1990: 301 |
| Adenostyles |
|
|
Bladmineerders
van Europa |
| Ageratum
|
houstonianum
|
|
Bladmineerders
van Europa |
| Andryala |
|
|
Bladmineerders
van Europa |
| Arctium
|
|
|
Spencer,
1990: 251 |
| Arnoseris
|
|
|
Spencer,
1990: 259 |
| Artemisia
|
vulgaris |
Mugwort |
Bladmineerders
van Europa |
| Aster
|
|
|
Spencer,
1990: 274 |
| Aster
|
ericoides |
Heath
Aster |
Bladmineerders
van Europa |
| Bellis
|
|
|
Spencer,
1990: 274 |
| Bidens
|
pilosa |
Black-jack |
Bladmineerders
van Europa |
| Bidens |
tripartita |
|
Bladmineerders
van Europa |
| Calendula |
officinalis |
Pot
Marigold |
Bladmineerders
van Europa |
| Callistephus
|
chinensis |
China
Aster |
Bladmineerders
van Europa |
| Carduus |
bucephalus |
|
Bladmineerders
van Europa |
| Carduus |
crispus |
Welted
Thistle |
Bladmineerders
van Europa |
| Carthamus |
|
|
Bladmineerders
van Europa |
| Centaurea
|
calcitrapa |
Red
Star-thistle |
Bladmineerders
van Europa |
| Centaurea
|
jacea |
|
Bladmineerders
van Europa, as
Centaurea angustifolia |
| Centaurea
|
orientalis |
|
Bladmineerders
van Europa |
| Chrysanthemum
|
|
|
Spencer,
1990: 301 |
| Chrysanthemum |
indicum |
|
Bladmineerders
van Europa |
| Chrysanthemum |
myconis |
|
Bladmineerders
van Europa |
| Cicerbita |
muralis |
|
Bladmineerders
van Europa |
| Cichorium
|
intybus |
Chicory |
Bladmineerders
van Europa |
| Cineraria
|
|
|
Spencer,
1990: 293 |
| Cirsium |
appendiculatum |
|
Bladmineerders
van Europa |
| Cirsium |
arvense |
Creeping
Thistle |
Bladmineerders
van Europa |
| Cirsium |
helenioides |
Melancholy
Thistle |
Bladmineerders
van Europa |
| Conyza
|
|
|
Spencer,
1990: 274 |
| Coreopsis
|
|
|
Bladmineerders
van Europa |
| Coreopsis
|
|
|
Spencer,
1990: 320 |
| Crepis |
|
|
Bladmineerders
van Europa |
| Crepis
|
|
|
Spencer,
1990: 259 |
| Cryptostemma
|
|
|
Spencer,
1990: 249 |
| Dahlia
|
|
|
Spencer,
1990: 309 |
| Dahlia |
pinnata |
Dahlia |
Bladmineerders
van Europa |
| Dahlia |
pinnata |
Dahlia |
Bladmineerders
van Europa, as
Dahlia variabilis |
| Erigeron
|
canadense |
Canadian
Fleabane |
Bladmineerders
van Europa |
| Eupatorium |
cannabinum |
Hemp-agrimony |
Bladmineerders
van Europa |
| Filago |
|
|
Bladmineerders
van Europa |
| Gaillardia
|
|
|
Bladmineerders
van Europa |
| Gaillardia
|
|
|
Spencer,
1990: 309 |
| Galinsoga |
parviflora |
Gallant
Soldier |
Bladmineerders
van Europa |
| Galinsoga |
quadriradiata |
Shaggy
Soldier |
Bladmineerders
van Europa |
| Gerbera
|
jamesonii |
Barberton
daisy |
Bladmineerders
van Europa |
| Helianthus
|
annuus |
Sunflower |
Bladmineerders
van Europa |
| Helichrysum
|
|
|
Bladmineerders
van Europa |
| Helichrysum
|
|
|
Spencer,
1990: 354 |
| Helminthia
|
echioides |
|
Bladmineerders
van Europa |
| Inula
|
|
|
Spencer,
1990: 273 |
| Inula
|
oculus-christi |
Hairy
Fleabane |
Bladmineerders
van Europa |
| Kleinia
|
neriifolia |
|
Bladmineerders
van Europa |
| Lactuca
|
|
|
Spencer,
1990: 259 |
| Lactuca
|
sativa |
Garden
Lettuce |
Bladmineerders
van Europa |
| Lactuca
|
serriola |
|
Bladmineerders
van Europa, as
Lactuca scariola |
| Lactuca
|
viminea |
Pliant
Lettuce |
Bladmineerders
van Europa |
| Leontodon
|
autumnalis |
Autumn
Hawkbit |
Bladmineerders
van Europa |
| Leontodon
|
hispidus |
Rough
Hawkbit |
Bladmineerders
van Europa |
| Leucanthemum
|
|
|
Spencer,
1990: 301 |
| Leucanthemum
|
vulgare
|
Oxeye
Daisy |
Bladmineerders
van Europa,
as Chrysanthemum leucanthemum
|
| Matricaria
|
|
|
Spencer,
1990: 301 |
| Othonna
|
|
|
Spencer,
1990: 293 |
| Picris
|
|
|
Spencer,
1990: 259 |
| Pulicaria
|
dysenterica |
Common
Fleabane |
Bladmineerders
van Europa |
| Reichardia
|
picroides |
Common
brighteyes |
Bladmineerders
van Europa |
| Senecio
|
|
|
Spencer,
1990: 293 |
| Senecio |
aquaticus |
Marsh
Ragwort |
Bladmineerders
van Europa |
| Senecio |
cruentus |
|
Bladmineerders
van Europa |
| Senecio
|
jacobaea
|
Common
Ragwort |
Bladmineerders
van Europa |
| Senecio |
nebrodensis |
|
Bladmineerders
van Europa |
| Senecio |
squalidus |
Oxford
Ragwort |
Bladmineerders
van Europa |
| Senecio |
viscosus |
Sticky
Groundsel |
Bladmineerders
van Europa |
| Senecio |
vulgaris |
Groundsel |
Bladmineerders
van Europa |
| Sonchus |
|
|
Spencer,
1990: 259 |
| Sonchus |
arvensis |
Perennial
Sow-thistle |
Bladmineerders
van Europa |
| Sonchus |
glaucescens |
|
Bladmineerders
van Europa |
| Sonchus |
leptocephalus |
|
Bladmineerders
van Europa |
| Sonchus |
oleraceus |
Smooth
Sow-thistle |
Bladmineerders
van Europa |
| Taraxacum
|
|
|
Spencer,
1990: 259 |
| Taraxacum
|
officinale |
Dandelion |
Bladmineerders
van Europa |
| Tripleurospremum |
inodora |
|
Bladmineerders
van Europa, as
Matricaria inodora |
| Xeranthemum
|
|
|
Spencer,
1990: 251 |
| Zinnia
|
elegans |
Youth-and-age |
Bladmineerders
van Europa |
Time
of year - mines: July-August.
Time
of year - adults: August.
Distribution
in Great Britain and Ireland: Common throughout Britain (Spencer,
1972: 87) including the Inner Hebrides (Isle of Coll) (Bland,
1992), Rum (Bland, in Whiteley, 1994), East Kent, Edinburgh,
East Lothian and Linlithgow (NBN
Gateway, as Phytomyza syngenesiae, may include records
of 'atricornis', horticola and/or syngenesiae).
Also
recorded in the Republic of Ireland (Martinez in Fauna Europaea).
NBN Grid map:
Distribution
elsewhere: Cosmopolitan. Widespread and common throughout Europe
including Denmark, Finland, Sweden (Spencer,
1976: 510), Balearic Is., Canary Is., Czech Republic, ? Faroe
Is., French mainland, Germany, Italian mainland, Poland, Portuguese
mainland, Sardinia, Sicily, Spanish mainland, Switzerland, The Netherlands
and Yugoslavia (Martinez in Fauna Europaea).
Also
introduced to U.S.A., Australia and New Zealand (Spencer,
1976: 510).
NBN
interactive distribution map(s) of known host species in Great Britain
and Ireland and elsewhere:
| Arctium
pubens, Arnoseris
minima, Artemisia
vulgaris, Bidens
pilosa, Bidens
tripartita, Calendula
officinalis, Callistephus
chinensis, Carduus
crispus, Centaurea
calcitrapa, Centaurea
jacea, Centaurea
orientalis, Cichorium
intybus, Cirsium
arvense, Cirsium
helenioides, Dahlia
pinnata, Erigeron
canadensis, Eupatorium
cannabinum, Galinsoga
parviflora, Galinsoga
quadriradiata, Helianthus
annuus, Inula
crithmoides, Inula
oculus-christi, Lactuca
sativa, Leucanthemum
vulgare, Leontodon
autumnalis (= Scorzoneroides
autumnalis), Leontodon
hispidus, Pulicaria
dysenterica, Senecio
aquaticus, Senecio
jacobaea, Senecio
jacobaea, Senecio
squalidus, Senecio
viscosus, Senecio
vulgaris, Serratula
tinctoria, Sonchus
arvensis, Sonchus
oleraceus, Tanacetum
vulgare, Taraxacum
officinale, Tripleurospermum
inodora |
Parasitoids
in Britain and elsewhere: See Chromatomyia
'atricornis'.
|