Chromatomyia
syngenesiae Hardy, 1849
[Diptera: Agromyzidae]
Chrysanthemum
Leaf-miner
Chromatomyia
syngenesiae
Hardy, 1849a. Ann. Mag. nat. Hist. (2) 4(24): 391.
Phytomyza chrysanthemi Kowarz, 1891, in Lindner. JOURNAL:
242
Phytomyza syngenesiae (Hardy, 1849a); Griffiths, 1967b.
Stuttgarter Beitr. Ent. 177: 177.
Phytomyza syngenesiae (Hardy, 1849a); Spencer, 1972b. Handbk
ident. Br. Ins. 10(5g): 87.
Phytomyza syngenesiae (Hardy, 1849a); Spencer, 1976. Fauna
ent. Scand. 5(1): 510-11, figs 894-5.
Chromatomyia syngenesiae Hardy, 1849a; Spencer, 1990. Host
specialization in the World Agromyzidae (Diptera) : 265, 266
(fig. 1004), & more.
Chromatomyia syngenesiae Hardy, 1849a; Bland, 2000. Dipterists
Digest 7: 11.
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Leaf-mine:
Mine linear, whitish, both upper and lower surface. Pupation
internal, at the end of the mine, with the anterior spiracles projecting
through the epidermis (Spencer,
1976: 510). The mine is illustrated in British
leafminers and Nederlandse
bladmineerders.
Larva:
Details unknown. Ellis (Nederlandse
bladmineerders) illustrates the larva of cf. syngenesiae.
Puparium:
White or more rarely darker, brownish (Spencer,
1976: 510). Ellis (Nederlandse
bladmineerders) illustrates the puparium of cf.syngenesiae.
Comments:
Two highly polyphagous species of Chromatomyia, with indistinguishable
mines, have been recorded in Britain. These are syngenesiae
(Hardy) and horticola
(Goureau). Griffiths (1967b)
after critical examination of male genitalia, confirmed that the
hosts of syngenesiae
are almost exclusively genera of Asteraceae, with just two exceptions,
one on Daucus [Apiaceae]
in Denmark and the other on Pisum
[Fabaceae] in California, U.S.A. C.
horticola mines numerous plant families including Asteraceae.
The two species can only be distinguished by the structure of the
male genitalia.
British
records of syngenesiae,
horticola or
'atricornis' on hosts
other than Asteraceae in Britain, are assumed to represent horticola.
British
records of horticola
and syngenesiae on
Asteraceae hosts not based on examination of the genitalia of reared
males are treated here as Chromatomyia
'atricornis' and may represent either horticola
or syngenesiae.
Hosts
cited here include 27 plant genera in the family Asteraceae.
As
the mines of horticola
and syngenesiae
are indistinguishable, the chalcidoid parasitoids recorded from
these two species are listed under 'atricornis'.
Hosts
in Britain:
| Asteraceae |
|
|
| Arctium
|
pubens
|
Bland,
1992 |
| Arnoseris
|
minima
|
Spencer,
1972b: 111 |
| Chrysanthemum
|
argyrophyllum
|
Griffiths,
1967b |
| Chrysanthemum
|
argyrophyllum
|
Spencer,
1972b: 112 |
| Inula
|
crithmoides
|
Griffiths,
1967b |
| Inula
|
crithmoides
|
Spencer,
1972b: 113 |
| Leucanthemum
|
vulgare
|
Griffiths,
1967b |
| Leucanthemum
|
vulgare
|
Spencer,
1972b: 112 |
| Leontodon
|
autumnalis
|
Bland,
1992 |
| Senecio
|
arvensis
|
Griffiths,
1967b |
| Senecio
|
asper
|
Griffiths,
1967b |
| Senecio
|
jacobaea
|
Griffiths,
1967b |
| Senecio
|
jacobaea
|
Spencer,
1972b: 114 |
| Serratula
|
tinctoria
|
Griffiths,
1967b |
| Serratula
|
tinctoria
|
Spencer,
1972b: 114 |
| Sonchus |
oleraceus
|
Spencer,
1972b: 114 |
| Tanacetum
|
vulgare
|
Griffiths,
1967b |
| Tanacetum
|
vulgare
|
Spencer,
1972b: 115 |
| Taraxacum
|
|
Spencer,
1972b: 87 |
| Taraxacum
|
|
Bland
in Whiteley, 1994 |
Hosts
elsewhere:
| Asteraceae |
|
|
| Achillea
|
|
Spencer,
1990: 301 |
| Arctium
|
|
Spencer,
1990: 251 |
| Arnoseris
|
|
Spencer,
1990: 259 |
| Aster
|
|
Spencer,
1990: 274 |
| Bellis
|
|
Spencer,
1990: 274 |
| Chrysanthemum
|
|
Spencer,
1990: 301 |
| Cineraria
|
|
Spencer,
1990: 293 |
| Conyza
|
|
Spencer,
1990: 274 |
| Coreopsis
|
|
Spencer,
1990: 320 |
| Crepis
|
|
Spencer,
1990: 259 |
| Cryptostemma
|
|
Spencer,
1990: 249 |
| Dahlia
|
|
Spencer,
1990: 309 |
| Gaillardia
|
|
Spencer,
1990: 309 |
| Helichrysum
|
|
Spencer,
1990: 354 |
| Inula
|
|
Spencer,
1990: 273 |
| Lactuca
|
|
Spencer,
1990: 259 |
| Leucanthemum
|
|
Spencer,
1990: 301 |
| Matricaria
|
|
Spencer,
1990: 301 |
| Othonna
|
|
Spencer,
1990: 293 |
| Picris
|
|
Spencer,
1990: 259 |
| Senecio
|
|
Spencer,
1990: 293 |
| Sonchus
|
|
Spencer,
1990: 259 |
| Taraxacum
|
|
Spencer,
1990: 259 |
| Xeranthemum
|
|
Spencer,
1990: 251 |
Time
of year - mines: July-August.
Time
of year - adults: August.
Distribution
in Britain: Common throughout Britain (Spencer,
1972b: 87) including the Inner Hebrides (Isle of Coll) (Bland,
1992), Rum (Bland, in Whiteley, 1994), East Kent, Edinburgh,
East Lothian and Linlithgow (NBN
Gateway distribution map, as Phytomyza syngenesiae
- BRERC,
LWIC
and NE).
Also
recorded in the Republic of Ireland (Martinez in Fauna
Europaea).
Distribution
elsewhere: Cosmopolitan. Widespread and common throughout Europe
including Denmark, Finland, Sweden (Spencer,
1976: 510), Balearic Is., Canary Is., Czech Republic, ? Faroe
Is., French mainland, Germany, Italian mainland, Poland, Portuguese
mainland, Sardinia, Sicily, Spanish mainland, Switzerland, The Netherlands
and Yugoslavia (Martinez in Fauna
Europaea).
Also
introduced to U.S.A., Australia and New Zealand (Spencer,
1976: 510).
Parasitoids:
See Chromatomyia 'atricornis'.
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