Tunneler: Tunnel follows erratic routes; the larva leaves the tunnel occasionally and recommences tunneling elsewhere in the same leaf or another leaf; at the termination of some of the mines a special double-walled chamber is constructed, possibly for moulting (Bland and Rotheray, 1994: 34).

The larvae of a number of species of Chironomidae (non-biting midges) live in tunnels in decaying leaf sheaths under water. Their tunnels are open at both ends, and the larvae feed on particles they obtain from a water current they create in the tunnels. They do not feed on tissues of their 'hostplant' and therefore are not strictly miners (Bladmineerders van Europa).

Larva: Details unknown.

Puparium: Details unknown.

Comments: Cranston in Chandler, 1978 (1978) did not indicate whether his host record was British or Foreign and is therefore included under 'Hosts in Britain' and 'Hosts elsewhere'.

Hosts in Britain:

Hosts elsewhere:

Time of year - mines: August.

Time of year - adults: Unknown.

Distribution in Great Britain and Ireland: Perth (Kindrogan) (Disney, 1977) and Isle of Coll (Loch Con and Grishipool) (Bland and Rotheray, 1994: 34).

NBN Grid map:

Distribution elsewhere: Widespread in continental Europe including Austria, Belgium, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, French mainland, Germany, Hungary, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, Republic of Moldova, Russia - North and Northwest, Slovakia, Sweden and The Netherlands (Saether and Spies, 2004 in Fauna Europaea).

NBN interactive distribution map(s) of known host species in Great Britain and Ireland and elsewhere:

Parasitoids in Britain and elsewhere: Unknown.