Tunneler: Half-mine; a one cm long straight tunnel along the midline of the upperside of the leaf; larva rests in this retreat during the day, emerging to devour the upper epidermis of the leaf during the hours of darkness. Feeding occurs from both ends of the retreat to a similar degree (Bland, 1994a).

The larvae of a number of species of Chironomidae (non-biting midges) live in tunnels in decaying leaf sheaths under water. Their tunnels are open at both ends, and the larvae feed on particles they obtain from a water current they create in the tunnels. They do not feed on tissues of their 'hostplant' and therefore are not strictly miners (Bladmineerders van Europa).

Larva: Details unknown.

Puparium: Details unknown.

Comments: Cranston in Chandler, 1978 (1978) did not indicate whether his host records were British or Foreign and are therefore tentatively included under 'Hosts in Britain' and 'Hosts elsewhere'.

Hosts in Britain:

Hosts elsewhere:

Time of year - mines: August.

Time of year - adults: August.

Distribution in Great Britain and Ireland: Isle of Coll (Grishipool) (Bland and Rotheray, 1994: 35); Caernarvonshire, Cambridgeshire, East Sussex and Monmouthshire (NBN Gateway - N.B. includes Watsonian Vice Counties having publicly available records that fall within or overlap the vice county border at 10km resolution or better i.e. a record for a vice county may relate to an adjacent vice county - for included datasets see NBN Grid map below).

Also recorded in the Republic of Ireland (Saether and Spies, 2004 in Fauna Europaea).

NBN Grid map:

Distribution elsewhere: Widespread in continental Europe including Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, French mainland, Germany, Italian mainland, Latvia, Norwegian mainland, Poland, Portuguese mainland, Russia - Central and North, Slovakia, Spanish mainland, Sweden. Switzerland and The Netherlands (Saether and Spies, 2004 in Fauna Europaea).

NBN interactive distribution map(s) of known host species in Great Britain and Ireland and elsewhere:

Parasitoids in Britain and elsewhere: Unknown.