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Liriomyza sonchi Hendel, 1931 [Diptera: Agromyzidae] Liriomyza sonchi Hendel, 1931. Fliegen palaearkt. Reg. 6(2): 247. Liriomyza sonchi Hendel, 1931; Spencer, 1972b. Handbk ident. Br. Ins. 10(5g): 56 (fig. 186), 57, 115. Liriomyza sonchi Hendel, 1931; Spencer, 1976. Fauna ent. Scand. 5(1): 269-70, figs 481-3. Liriomyza sonchi Hendel, 1931; Spencer, 1990. Host specialization in the World Agromyzidae (Diptera) : 131, 259, 263, 264 (figs 990-2), 390.

Leaf-mine: A small primary blotch, often several larvae feeding together (Spencer, 1972b: 56 (fig. 186); Spencer, 1976: 270, 271 (fig. 483)). The mine is illustrated in British leafminers and Nederlandse bladmineerders. Mine of Liriomyza sonchi on Sonchus asper. Image: Willem Ellis (Source: Nederlandse bladmineerders) Larva: The larva is briefly described by de Meijere (1925, as hieracii), Hering (1957a), Sasakawa (1961) and Ellis (Nederlandse bladmineerders). Posterior spiracles each with an ellipse of 8-10 bulbs (Spencer, 1976: 270). Puparium: Details unknown. Comments: The host-specificity of sonchi has been experimentally tested in Canada (Peschken & Derby, 1988: 593-600). The species is restricted to Sonchus, the records of sonchi on Lapsana (Robbins, 1991: 123) and Lactua and Mycelis muralis (Nederlandse bladmineerders) require confirmation. Hosts in Britain: Asteraceae       Sonchus     British leafminers Sonchus     Robbins, 1991: 123 Sonchus     Spencer, 1972b: 57 Sonchus arvensis Perennial Sow-thistle Mines in BMNH Sonchus arvensis Perennial Sow-thistle Robbins, 1989: 22 Sonchus arvensis Perennial Sow-thistle Spencer, 1972b: 115 Sonchus asper Prickly Sow-thistle Mines in BMNH Sonchus asper Prickly Sow-thistle Robbins, 1989: 22 Sonchus asper Prickly Sow-thistle Spencer, 1972b: 115 Sonchus oleraceus Smooth Sow-thistle British leafminers Sonchus oleraceus Smooth Sow-thistle Mines in BMNH Sonchus oleraceus Smooth Sow-thistle Robbins, 1989: 22 Sonchus oleraceus Marsh Sow-thistle Spencer, 1972b: 115 Sonchus palustris Marsh Sow-thistle Spencer, 1972b: 115 Hosts elsewhere: Asteraceae       Sonchus     Spencer, 1976: 270 Sonchus     Spencer, 1990: 259 Sonchus arvensis Perennial Sow-thistle Spencer, 1976: 270 Sonchus arvensis Perennial Sow-thistle Nederlandse bladmineerders Sonchus asper Prickly Sow-thistle Spencer, 1976: 270 Sonchus asper Prickly Sow-thistle Nederlandse bladmineerders Sonchus oleraceus Smooth Sow-thistle Spencer, 1976: 270 Sonchus oleraceus Smooth Sow-thistle Nederlandse bladmineerders Sonchus palustris Marsh Sow-thistle Spencer, 1976: 270 Sonchus palustris Marsh Sow-thistle Nederlandse bladmineerders Time of year - mines: June-September. Time of year - adults: Unknown. Distribution in Britain: Widespread, at least in south. Records include London (Hampstead), Middlesex (Scratch Wood), Berks (Pangbourne) (Spencer, 1972b: 57); Warwick (Robbins, 1991: 123) and Surrey (NBN Gateway distribution map - NE). Also recorded in the Republic of Ireland: Co. Clare, Co. Wexford (Rosslare) (Spencer, 1972b: 57). Distribution elsewhere: Holarctic. Widespread and common in much of Europe including Denmark, Sweden, Norway, Finland (Spencer, 1976: 270), The Netherlands (Nederlandse bladmineerders), Belgium (de Bruyn & von Tschirnhaus, 1991), Germany (Spencer, 1976: 558), Austria, Czech Republic, French mainland, Hungary, Italian mainland, Lithuania, Poland, Slovakia and Spanish mainland (Martinez in Fauna Europaea). Also recorded in Canada (Peschken & Derby, 1988). Parasitoids: Chrysocharis entedonoides (Walker, 1872) Hymenoptera: Eulophidae Chrysocharis liriomyzae Delucchi, 1954 Hymenoptera: Eulophidae Chrysocharis orbicularis (Nees, 1834) Hymenoptera: Eulophidae Chrysocharis viridis (Nees, 1934) Hymenoptera: Eulophidae

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Last updated 01-Oct-2008  Brian Pitkin