Leaf-mine: Large upper side blotch or blister mine, which can start with a short corridor. In small leaves the mine can be full depth in places. Often several larvae in a mine; frass irregularly scattered in large lumps. Pupation external.

Large blotch, theoretically upper-surface, but often virtually full depth, often preceded by a short, broad corridor. Usually several larvae in a mine. The larvae can leave their mine and make a new one elsewhere. At the start of the first mine a small group of oval, whitish, egg shells. Pupation outside the mine (Bladmineerders van Europa).

Larva: Details unknown.

Puparium: The puparium is described by Stork (1936).

Comments: Ackland in Chandler (1978) did not indicate whether his host records were British or Foreign and are therefore tentatively included under 'Hosts in Britain' and 'Hosts elsewhere', as is the record of Pitkin and Plant, which was previously assumed to be British.

Hosts in Britain:

Hosts elsewhere:

Time of year - mines: June-July.

Time of year - adults: August-September.

Distribution in Great Britain and Ireland: Widespread in Britain including Inner Hebrides (Isle of Coll) (Bland, 1992), Warwickshire (Coventry and Sutton Park) (Robbins, 1991); Anglesey, Berkshire, Brecon, Cambridgeshire, Cardiganshire, Cumberland, Denbighshire, Durham, East Kent, East Sussex, Easterness,
Glamorgan, Herefordshire, Hertfordshire, Huntingdonshire, Merionethshire, Monmouthshire, North Hampshire, North Lincolnshire, North Wiltshire, Orkney, Oxfordshire, Pembrokeshire, Radnorshire, Shropshire, South Devon, South Essex, South Lancaster, South Wiltshire, South-west Yorkshire, Stafford, Surrey, Warwickshire, West Cornwall, West Gloucestershire, West Suffolk, West Sussex, Westmorland, Worcestershire and Zetland (NBN Gateway - N.B. includes Watsonian Vice Counties having publicly available records that fall within or overlap the vice county border at 10km resolution or better i.e. a record for a vice county may relate to an adjacent vice county - for included datasets see NBN Grid map below).

Also recorded in the Republic of Ireland (Michelsen, in Fauna Europaea).

NBN Grid map: Note that not all datasets on the NBN Gateway may be available on the map below. If you are an NBN Gateway registered user you can request access for missing datasets via the link 'Open interactive map in new window' below.

Distribution elsewhere: Widespread in continental Europe including The Netherlands, Belgium (Gosseries and Ackland, 1991; de Meijere, 1939), Andorra, Austria, ? Bulgaria, Corsica, Crete, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Faroe Islands, Finland, French mainland, Germany, Greek mainland, Hungary, Iceland, Italian mainland, Lithuania, Madeira, Norwegian mainland, Poland, Romania, Russia - Central, North and Northwest, Sicily, Slovakia, Spanish mainland, Sweden and Switzerland (Michelsen, in Fauna Europaea).

Also recorded in Morocco, Algeria, Tunisia, Syria, Israel, Korea, China and Japan.

NBN interactive distribution map(s) of known host species in Great Britain and Ireland and elsewhere:

Parasitoids in Britain and elsewhere: Unknown.