Stem borer: Larva boring in cambium of stem, pupation in the ground (Spencer, 1972: 44).

Larva: The larva is described by Dempewolf (2001: 95). The larva is unusually long and slender and can attain a length of 188 mm when feeding but on removal from the confinements of its boring it contracts and becomes more cylindrical. The mouth hooks have one large tooth and on the opposite side a single smaller one (Spencer, 1976: 152 (figs 276-7)). The posterior spiracles have 3 well-defined bulbs.

Puparium: Dark reddish-brown and up to 5 mm long (Spencer, 1976: 152).

Hosts in Britain:

Hosts elsewhere:

Time of year - larvae: February-March.

Time of year - adults: May-July.

Distribution in Great Britain and Ireland: Widespread in Britain including Kent (Dartford), Hampshire (Beaulieu and New Forest), Hertfordshire (Batford, Harpenden (Barnes), Suffolk (Barton Mills), Inverness (Nethy Bridge and Loch Eilich), Nairn (Spencer, 1972: 44); Peebles (Craigdilly) (Bland, 1994c: 82; as betulae); East Ross, Glamorgan, Stafford and Westmorland (NBN Gateway - N.B. includes Watsonian Vice Counties having publicly available records that fall within or overlap the vice county border at 10km resolution or better i.e. a record for a vice county may relate to an adjacent vice county - for included datasets see NBN Grid map below).

Also recorded in Ireland (Spencer, 1972: 44).

NBN Grid map: Note that not all datasets on the NBN Gateway may be available on the map below. If you are an NBN Gateway registered user you can request access for missing datasets via the link 'Open interactive map in new window' below.

Distribution elsewhere: Widespread in continental Europe including Austria, Finland, France and The Netherlands (Spencer, 1976: 131), Germany (Dempewolf, 2001: 95; von Tschirnhaus, 1992), Belgium, Denmark, Hungary, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland and Sweden (Martinez in Fauna Europaea).

NBN interactive distribution map(s) of known host species in Great Britain and Ireland and elsewhere:

Parasitoids in Britain and elsewhere: Unknown.