Leaf-mine: A narrow, whitish linear mine with frass in a conspicuous, almost unbroken line at alternate sides of the channel (Spencer, 1972: 72 (fig. 238); Spencer, 1976: 381 (fig. 682), 392).

Long narrow corridor, upper-surface for most of its length, but with lower-surface segments. Over large distances the corridor follows a heavy vein. Frass in strikingly long threads, alternating along the sides of the mine. Sometimes the frass thread is quite coarse and thick, at other times it is hair thin. Pupation outside the mine, exit slit in the upper epidermis. Occasionally pupation takes place within the mine, but then the exit slit has already been cut (moreover, the anterior spiracles do not penetrate the epidermis) (Bladmineerders van Europa).

The mine is illustrated in British leafminers.

Larva: Details unknown.

Puparium: Black; posterior spiracles each with an ellipse of up to 12 bulbs (Spencer, 1976: 392).

Hosts in Britain:

Hosts elsewhere:

Time of year - mines: June-September.

Time of year - adults: Unknown.

Distribution in Great Britain and Ireland: London (Hampstead), Surrey (Kew Gardens) (Spencer, 1972: 79) and Berkshire (Maidehead) (British leafminers).

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Distribution elsewhere: Widespread in continental Europe, particularly in gardens, including Sweden (Spencer, 1976: 391), The Netherlands, Belgium (Bladmineerders van Europa), Germany (Spencer, 1976: 570), European Turkey, Hungary, Lithuania and Poland (Martinez in Fauna Europaea).

NBN interactive distribution map(s) of known host species in Great Britain and Ireland and elsewhere:

Parasitoids in Britain and elsewhere: Unknown.

Biodiversity Heritage Library
Bladmineerders van Europa
British leafminers
Encyclopedia of Life
Fauna Europaea [127512]
NBN Gateway