Leaf-mine: Mine irregularly linear, whitish green normally adjoining margin of leaf, when old brownish (Spencer, 1972: 89 (fig. 304), 92; Spencer, 1976: 461, 463 (fig. 808).

An upper-surface, strongly widening corridor, often following the leaf margin for some distance, with much blackish green, deliquescent frass in its centre. Pupation outside the mine; exit slit in upper epidermis (Bladmineerders van Europa).

Mine irregularly linear, whitish green normally adjoining margin of leaf, when old brownish (British leafminers).

Larva: The larva is described by de Meijere (1926), Allen (1957b) and illustrated in Bladmineerders van Europa.

Puparium: Shining black; posterior spiracles each with 24-28 bulbs of bulbs or bulbs (Spencer, 1976: 461; British leafminers).

Hosts in Britain:

Hosts elsewhere:

Time of year - mines: January, May-November.

Time of year - adults: August-October.

Distribution in Great Britain and Ireland: Common, at least in south (Spencer, 1972: 92). Inner Hebrides (Isle of Coll) (Bland, 1992), Rum (Bland in Whiteley, 1994), Warwickshire (Coventry and Tile Hill) (Robbins, 1991: 65); East Sussex, East Sutherland, Edinburgh and Surrey (NBN Gateway - N.B. includes Watsonian Vice Counties having publicly available records that fall within or overlap the vice county border at 10km resolution or better i.e. a record for a vice county may relate to an adjacent vice county - for included datasets see NBN Grid map below).

Also recorded in the Republic of Ireland: Co. Wexford (Rosslare) (Spencer, 1972: 92).

NBN Grid map: Note that not all datasets on the NBN Gateway may be available on the map below. If you are an NBN Gateway registered user you can request access for missing datasets via the link 'Open interactive map in new window' below.

Distribution elsewhere: Widespread in continental Europe including Denmark, Finland, Norway, Sweden (Spencer, 1976: 461), The Netherlands (Bladmineerders van Europa), Germany (Spencer, 1976: 574), Belgium, Estonia, ? French mainland, Hungary, Italian mainland, Lithuania, Madeira, Poland and Spanish mainland (Martinez in Fauna Europaea).

Range extending eastwards to the northern Kirghiz Republic of the [former] U.S.S.R. (Spencer, 1976: 461).

NBN interactive distribution map(s) of known host species in Great Britain and Ireland and elsewhere:

Parasitoids in Britain and elsewhere:

Biodiversity Heritage Library
Bladmineerders van Europa
British leafminers
Encyclopedia of Life
Fauna Europaea [127745]
NBN Gateway