Leaf-mine: Mine beginning with a small spiral, later developing into a greenish blotch, frequently at leaf margin, brown when old. Pupation internal or external (Spencer, 1972: 89 (figs 296), 90).

Upper surface. The mine begins as a short, compact brown spiral, followed by a secondary blotch, often at the leaf margin. Often spiral and blotch are separated by a recognisable corridor segment. Secondary feeding lines conspicuous (in fresh mines). Pupation outside the mine; sometimes pupation occurs earlier but then the exit slit already has been made, and the spiracula do not penetrate the plant epidermis (Bladmineerders van Europa).

Larva: Posterior spiracles each with 23-25 bulbs (Bladmineerders van Europa).

Puparium: Yellowish-brown in summer generation, deep black in winter generation; posterior spiracles on conspicuous conical projections each with a double ellipse of 23-25 bulbs (Spencer, 1972: 90).

Hosts in Britain:

Hosts elsewhere:

Time of year - mines: May to August in two generations (Hering, 1957).

Time of year - adults: Unknown.

Distribution in Great Britain and Ireland: Widespread. London (Hampstead), Isle Of Wight (Niton), Huntingdonshire (Woodwalton Fen), Norfolk (Norwich), Denbighshire (Cefn-y-bedd) (Spencer, 1972: 80), Midlothian (Duddingstone Loch) (Bland, 1994c: 84), Warwickshire (Brandon Marsh) (Robbins, 1991: 100); Glamorgan and Huntingdonshire (NBN Gateway - N.B. includes Watsonian Vice Counties having publicly available records that fall within or overlap the vice county border at 10km resolution or better i.e. a record for a vice county may relate to an adjacent vice county - for included datasets see NBN Grid map below).

Also recorded in the Republic of Ireland: Dublin (Spencer, 1972: 90).

NBN Grid map: Note that not all datasets on the NBN Gateway may be available on the map below. If you are an NBN Gateway registered user you can request access for missing datasets via the link 'Open interactive map in new window' below.

Distribution elsewhere: Widespread in continental Europe including Belgium (Scheirs, de Bruyn and von Tschirnhaus, 1995), Denmark, Sweden (Spencer, 1976: 514), Germany (Spencer, 1976: 578), Azores, Bulgaria, Canary Is., Corsica, Czech Republic, European Turkey, French mainland, Italian mainland, Lithuania, Poland and Spanish mainland (Martinez in Fauna Europaea).

NBN interactive distribution map(s) of known host species in Great Britain and Ireland and elsewhere:

Parasitoids in Britain and elsewhere: