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CHRYSANTHEMUM. Crown Daisy and Corn Marigold [Asteraceae]
Two species of Chrysanthemum are recorded in Britain the introduced Crown Daisy (C. coronarium) and Corn Marigold (C. segetum). C. coronarium is treated as Glebionis coronarium and C. segetum is treated as Glebionis coronarium by Stace (2010). Six Diptera miners, the agromyzids Chromatomyia 'atricornis', Chromatomyia syngenesiae, Liriomyza strigata and Liriomyza tanaceti and the tephritids Trypeta artemisiae and Trypeta zoe are recorded on Chrysanthemum in Britain. Some of the records on Chrysanthemum may refer to C. vulgare, which is now Tanacetum vulgare. The agromyzids Liriomyza huidobrensis, Liriomyza sativae and Liriomyza trifolii, polyphagous pest species of ornamental and vegetable crops occasionally intercepted at UK points of entry, are recorded on Chrysanthemum. Liriomyza huidobrensis and Liriomyza trifolii have been found under glass in England and Wales. All populations have been and continue to be eradicated.	Corn Marigold Chrysanthemum segetum
Elsewhere the agromyzid Chromatomyia horticola and Chromatomyia syngenesiae, Phytomyza tanaceti, Phytomyza leucanthemi, Liriomyza bryoniae, Liriomyza huidobrensis, Liriomyza ptarmicae, Liriomyza sativae, Liriomyza strigata and Liriomyza trifolii, and the tephritids Cornutrypeta spinifrons, Trypeta artemisiae and Trypeta zoe are recorded mining Chrysanthemum. One non-Diptera miner is recorded on Chrysanthemum in Britain (see below). Elsewhere five additional British non-Diptera miners are recorded on Chrysanthemum (see below). The tortricid Cnephasia conspersana is recorded as a seed / shoot feeder on Chrysanthemum in Britain. A key to the European miners, based on characteristics of the mines, immature stages and where relevant the larval cases, recorded on Chrysanthemum is provided in Bladmineerders van Europa. This includes Amauromyza maculosa, Chromatomyia cf. syngenesiae, Cornutrypeta spinifrons, Liriomyza bryoniae, Liriomyza huidobrensis, Liriomyza ptarmicae, Liriomyza strigata, Liriomyza sativae, Liriomyza trifolii, Phytomyza leucanthemi, Phytomyza tanaceti, Trypeta artemisiae, Trypeta zoe, Apterona helicoidella, Bucculatrix alpina, Bucculatrix argentisignella, Bucculatrix latviaella, Bucculatrix nigricomella, Cnephasia asseclana, Cnephasia incertana, Cnephasia stephensiana, Coleophora caelebipennella, Coleophora folllicularis, Coleophora rectilineella, Coleophora trochilella, Orthochaetes insignis, Orthochaetes setiger, Scrobipalpa chrysanthemella.

Key for the identification of the known Diptera mines on Chrysanthemum in Great Britain and Ireland

1> Blotch mine. Pupation external. Puparium yellow Mine of Trypeta artemisiae on Artemisia vulgaris Image: Willem Ellis (Bladmineerders van Europa) On numerous genera of Asteraceae in Britain and elsewhere. In Britain more common in the north than in the south. Also throughout the Palaearctic Region except the Mediterranean and Middle Eastern areas. Trypeta artemisiae (Fabricius) [Diptera: Tephritidae]. -> Linear mine. 2. 2> Mine not primarily associated with the mid-rib. A narrow linear mine, with frass in black strips. Puparium yellowish. Mine of Liriomyza tanaceti on Tanacetum vulgare Image: Willem Ellis (Bladmineerders van Europa) On Artemisia, Chrysanthemum and Tanacetum in Britain and Tanacetum elsewhere. Known only from Surrey and Warwick in Britain. Widespread and not uncommon in much of western Europe Liriomyza tanaceti Meijere [Diptera: Agromyzidae]. -> Mine primarily associated with the mid-rib. 3. 3> A distinctive mine primarily above mid-rib, with irregular short lateral offshoots into leaf blade. Pupation external.     Mines of Liriomyza strigata on Sonchus. Image: Crown copyright - courtesy of CSL On more than 40 host genera in 15 families in Britain. Widespread throughout Britain. Also recorded in the Republic of Ireland and is widespread and common in Europe.   Liriomyza strigata (Meigen) [Diptera: Agromyzidae]. -> Mine linear, whitish, both upper and lower surface. Pupation internal, at the end of the mine, with the anterior spiracles projecting through the epidermis. Two highly polyphagous species of Chromatomyia, with indistinguishable mines, have been recorded in Britain. These are syngenesiae (Hardy) and horticola (Goureau). British records of horticola and syngenesiae on Asteraceae hosts not based on examination of the genitalia of reared males are treated here as Chromatomyia 'atricornis'. Chromatomyia 'atricornis' auctt. [Diptera: Agromyzidae]. -> A broad linear mine following the mid-rib, with irregular lateral offshoots. Puparium yellow On numerous genera of Asteraceae. Throughout the British Isles, more common in the south than the north. Also Europe. Trypeta zoe Meigen [Diptera: Tephritidae].

Non-Diptera miners recorded on Chrysanthemum in Britain Cnephasia incertana (Treitschke, 1835) [Lepidoptera: Tortricidae]   Leaf-mine: In the first instar the larva mines the leaves, forming short, irregular, blotch-like mines, but in later instars it lives externally, feeding in spun leaves and often twisting those of tender shoots (Bradley et al., 1973). Small, full depth mine without a definite shape; little frass. Some silk is deposited in the mine. The larva soon leaves the mine and continues feeding among spun leaves (Bladmineerders van Europa). More.. Additional non-Diptera miners recorded on Chrysanthemum elsewhere Coleophora folllicularis (Vallot, 1802) [Lepidoptera: Coleophoridae].   Leaf-miner and case-bearer: Larva mines leaves. On Eupatorium the case is extended at the anal end by adding silk and widened by cutting a ventral gusset. On Inula the case is firstly extended by adding rings of leaf-cuticle at the oral end, before reverting to the method used when on Eupatorium. The full-grown case is 10 mm long (British leafminers). A slender tubular silken case, about 10 mm long, straw coloured, three valved. Mouth angle about 30° (Bladmineerders van Europa). Case of Coleophora follicularis on Eupatorium cannabinum Image: Willem Ellis (Bladmineerders van Europa) More..   Coleophora trochilella (Duponchel, 1843) [Lepidoptera: Coleophoridae].   Leaf-miner and case-bearer: A straw-coloured, slender, three-valved tubular silken case; length about 10 mm, mouth angle 45° - 60°. Larva on the leaf underside. Perhaps because of the plant's dense felt cover, the case is attached with much silk, giving the holes a conspicuous white margin (Bladmineerders van Europa). Case of Coleophora trochilella on Artemisia vulgaris Image: Willem Ellis (Bladmineerders van Europa)   More.. Bucculatrix nigricomella (Zeller, 1839) [Lepidoptera: Bucculatricidae].   Leaf-mine: The larvae mine the leaves creating a long, meandering gallery containing narrow blackish frass. In later instars, the larva feeds externally (UKMoths). Young larvae in a very long, hair thin, winding corridor. Usually the corridor is (largely) upper-surface. Frass initially in a narrow continuous central line; further on the frass line is often interrupted. Older larvae live free and cause window feeding, usually at the leaf underside (Bladmineerders van Europa). Mines of Bucculatrix nigricomella on Leucanthemum vulgare Images: Willem Ellis (Bladmineerders van Europa) The mine is also described and illustrated in British leafminers. More.. Cnephasia incertana (Treitschke, 1835) [Lepidoptera: Tortricidae]   Leaf-mine: In the first instar the larva mines the leaves, forming short, irregular, blotch-like mines, but in later instars it lives externally, feeding in spun leaves and often twisting those of tender shoots (Bradley et al., 1973). Small, full depth mine without a definite shape; little frass. Some silk is deposited in the mine. The larva soon leaves the mine and continues feeding among spun leaves (Bladmineerders van Europa). More..   Orthochaetes insignis (Aube, 1863) [Coleoptera: Curculionidae] Leaf-mine: Rather narrow corridor, untidy and sometimes branched, starting from the base of the leaf, in particular the midrib. Sides of the corridor irregularly eaten out, not really parallel. Frass mostly present, and then in a central line. The larva is capable of leaving the mine and start a new one elsewhere. These later mines are much broader, and the frass is scattered irregularly. (Bladmineerders van Europa. More..

Last updated 07-Aug-2010  Brian Pitkin

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