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CREPIS. Hawks-beards. [Asteraceae]
Seventeen species of Crepis are recorded in Britain. These include the native Marsh Hawks-beard (C. paludosa), Northern Hawks-beard (C. mollis), Rough Hawks-beard (C. biennis), Smooth Hawks-beard (C. capillaris), and Stinking Hawks-beard (C. foetida) and the introduced Small-flowered Hawk's-beard (C. pulchra) and Beaked Hawk's-beard (C. vesicaria). Stinking Hawks-beard (C. foetida) is protected under Schedule 8 of the Wildlife and Countryside Act, 1981. Six dipterous miners, the agromyzids Chromatomyia 'atricornis', Chromatomyia syngenesiae, Ophiomyia cunctata, Ophiomyia heringi, Ophiomyia pulicaria and Phytomyza marginella and the tephritid Trypeta immaculata are recorded on Crepis in Britain.	Beaked Hawk's-beard - Crepis vesicaria
Elsewhere the agromyzids Chromatomyia syngenesiae, Liriomyza strigata, Ophiomyia beckeri, Ophiomyia cunctata, Ophiomyia curvipalpis, Ophiomyia pulicaria, Phytoliriomyza arctica, Phytomyza marginella and the tephritid Trypeta immaculata are recorded mining Crepis. Elsewhere the agromyzid Phytomyza robustella is recorded feeding in the petiole of Crepis. Elsewhere the agromyzids Melanagromya oligophaga and Napomyza lateralis are recorded boring the stems of Crepis. No non-dipterous miners are recorded on Crepis in Britain.

Key for the identification of the known Diptera mines in Britain.

#> Details of mine unknown. Pupation internal. Puparium yellow Trypeta immaculata (Macquart) [Tephritidae]. 1> Stem mine. An external stem mine; frass in two rows of disconnected strips. Pupation in stem at end of mine. Puparium black Ophiomyia heringi Stary [Agromyzidae]. ->Leaf mine. 2. 2> A whitish blotch mine along mid-rib, with offshoots into leaf blade. 3. -> Mine linear, not along mid-rib. 4. 3> A whitish blotch mine along mid-rib, with offshoots into leaf blade. Pupation takes place at the base of the mid-rib. Puparium yellowish white Mine of Ophiomyia cunctata on Taraxacum officinale. Image: Willem Ellis (Source: Nederlandse bladmineerders) Ophiomyia cunctata (Hendel) [Agromyzidae]. ->A whitish blotch-mine along the mid-rib, with lateral offshoots into the leaf blade. Pupation internal. Puparium pale, whitish-yellow Mine of Ophiomyia pulicaria on Taraxacum officinale. Image: Willem Ellis (Source: Nederlandse bladmineerders) Ophiomyia pulicaria (Meigen) [Agromyzidae]. 4> Mine linear, whitish, both upper and lower surface. Pupation internal, at the end of the mine, with the anterior spiracles projecting through the epidermis. Mine of Chromatomyia atricornis on Sonchus olearaceus. Images: Willem Ellis (Source: Nederlandse bladmineerders) Chromatomyia 'atricornis' auctt. [Agromyzidae]. ->Larva mining both lower and upper surface, unusually long, linear, conspicuously broad, frequently largely on the underside of the leaf. Pupation external. Puparium black Mine of Phytomyza marginella on Lapsana communis. Image: Willem Ellis (Source: Nederlandse bladmineerders) Phytomyza marginella Fallén [Agromyzidae].

Last updated 30-Jul-2008  Brian Pitkin

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