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HELIANTHUS. Sunflowers and Jerusalem artichoke [Asteraceae]
Twelve species of Helianthus are recorded in Britain. all are introduced and include Sunflowers and Jerusalem artichoke (H. tuberosus). Four Diptera miners, the agromyzids Chromatomyia 'atricornis', Liriomyza eupatorii and Liriomyza strigata and the tephritid Trypeta zoe are recorded on Helianthus in Britain. The agromyzids Liriomyza huidobrensis, Liriomyza sativae and Liriomyza trifolii, polyphagous pest species of ornamental and vegetable crops occasionally intercepted at UK points of entry, are recorded on Helianthus. Liriomyza huidobrensis and Liriomyza trifolii have been found under glass in England and Wales. All populations have been and continue to be eradicated. Elsewhere the agromyzids Calycomyza humeralis, Chromatomyia horticola, Liriomyza eupatorii, Liriomyza huidobrensis, Liriomyza sativae, Liriomyza strigata and Liriomyza trifolii, and the tephritid Trypeta zoe are recorded mining Helianthus.	Sunflower Helianthus annuus.
No non-Diptera miners are recorded on Helianthus in Britain. Elsewhere one non-Diptera miner is recorded on Helianthus. A key to the European miners, based on characteristics of the mines, immature stages and where relevant the larval cases, recorded on Helianthus is provided in Bladmineerders van Europa. This includes Chromatomyia cf. syngenesiae, Liriomyza eupatorii and Liriomyza strigata but not Calycomyza humeralis, Cnephasia incertana, Cnephasia stephensiana, Liriomyza huidobrensis, Liriomyza sativae, Liriomyza trifolii or Trypeta zoe.

Key for the identification of the known Diptera mines on Helianthus in Great Britain and Ireland

1> Mine primarily associated with the mid-rib. -> Mine not primarily associated with the mid-rib. 3. 2> Corridor mine following the mid-rib, with lateral offshoots. Puparium yellow Mine of Trypeta zoe on Artemisia vulgaris Image: Willem Ellis (Bladmineerders van Europa) On numerous genera of Asteraceae. Throughout the British Isles, more common in the south than the north. Also Europe. Trypeta zoe Meigen [Diptera: Tephritidae]. -> A distinctive mine primarily above mid-rib, with irregular short lateral offshoots into leaf blade. Pupation external. On more than 40 host genera in 15 families in Britain. Widespread throughout Britain. Also recorded in the Republic of Ireland and is widespread and common in Europe. Liriomyza strigata (Meigen) [Diptera: Agromyzidae]. < 3>Mine linear, whitish, both upper and lower surface. Pupation internal, at the end of the mine, with the anterior spiracles projecting through the epidermis. Mines of Chromatomyia atricornis on Sonchus olearaceus Images: Willem Ellis (Bladmineerders van Europa) Two highly polyphagous species of Chromatomyia, with indistinguishable mines, have been recorded in Britain. These are syngenesiae (Hardy) and horticola (Goureau). British records of horticola and syngenesiae on Asteraceae hosts not based on examination of the genitalia of reared males are treated here as Chromatomyia 'atricornis'. Chromatomyia 'atricornis' auctt. [Diptera: Agromyzidae]. -> A linear mine commencing with a conspicuous regular spiral and then continuing a considerable distance more or less straight. Mine of Liriomyza eupatorii on Eupatorium cannabinum Image: Willem Ellis (Bladmineerders van Europa) On Aster, Eupatorium, Helianthus, Lapsana and Solidago [Asteraceae] and Galeopsis [Lamiaceae] in Britain and Europe. Widespread in England. Also recorded in the Republic of Ireland. Widespread in Europe and recorded in Canada. Liriomyza eupatorii (Kaltenbach) [Diptera: Agromyzidae].

British non-Diptera miners recorded on Helianthus elsewhere Cnephasia incertana (Treitschke, 1835) [Lepidoptera: Tortricidae]   Leaf-mine: In the first instar the larva mines the leaves, forming short, irregular, blotch-like mines, but in later instars it lives externally, feeding in spun leaves and often twisting those of tender shoots (Bradley et al., 1973). Small, full depth mine without a definite shape; little frass. Some silk is deposited in the mine. The larva soon leaves the mine and continues feeding among spun leaves (Bladmineerders van Europa). More..

Last updated 11-Aug-2010  Brian Pitkin

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