Six
species of Helleborus are recorded in Britain. These include
the native Stinking Hellebore (Helleborus foetidus) and Green
Hellebore (Helleborus viridis).
Only
one dipterous miner, the agromyzid Phytomyza
hellebori, is recorded on Helleborus in Britain and
elsewhere.
No
non-dipterous miners are recorded on Helleborus in Britain.
Stinking
Hellebore - Helleborus foetidus.
Key for the identification of the known Diptera mines in
Britain.
1>
There may be several mines to a leaf, which are initially blackish,
short and linear. A blotch is later formed. Pupation external, normally
on lower surface. Puparium greyish-brown
Mines
of Phytomyza hellebori on Helleborus foetidus.
Image: Brian Pitkin