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HIERACIUM. Hawkweeds. [Asteraceae]

More than two hundred and sixty species of Hieracium are recorded in Britain. Two hundred and forty-nine species are native. Weak-leaved Hawkweed (Hieracium attenuatifolium), Northroe Hawkweed (H. northroense) and Shetland Hawkweed (H. zetlandicum) are protected under Schedule 8 of the Wildlife and Countryside Act, 1981. Seven dipterous miners, the agromyzids Chromatomyia 'atricornis', Liriomyza hieracii, Liriomyza strigata, Ophiomyia pulicaria, Phytomyza marginella, Phytomyza rufescens and the tephritid Trypeta immaculata, are recorded on Hieracium in Britain. The agromyzid Melanagromyza oliophaga is recorded boring the stems of Hieracium in Britain and elsewhere. Elsewhere the agromyzids Chromatomyia 'atricornis', Liriomyza hieracii, Ophiomyia curvipalpis, Ophiomyia heringi, Ophiomyia pulicaria, Liriomyza strigata, Phytomyza erigerophila, Phytomyza marginella and Phytomyza rufescens and the tephritid Trypeta immaculata are recorded mining Hieracium. Three non-dipterous miners are recorded on Hieracium in Britain (see below).

Key for the identification of the known Diptera mines in Britain.

#> Details of mine unknown. Pupation internal; puparium yellow Trypeta immaculata (Macquart) [Tephritidae]. 1> Mine primarily associated with mid-rib. 2. -> Mine not primarily associated with mid-rib. 3. 2> A distinctive mine primarily above mid-rib, with irregular short lateral offshoots into leaf blade. Pupation external.     Mines of Liriomyza strigata on Sonchus. Image: Crown copyright - courtesy of CSL Liriomyza strigata (Meigen) [Agromyzidae] ->A whitish blotch-mine along the mid-rib, with lateral offshoots into the leaf blade. Pupation internal. Puparium pale, whitish-yellow Mine of Ophiomyia pulicaria on Taraxacum officinale. Image: Willem Ellis (Source: Nederlandse bladmineerders) Ophiomyia pulicaria (Meigen) [Agromyzidae]. ->Mainly in basal leaves, running along mid-rib, with short lateral offshoots into leaf blade. Pupation takes place within the petiole or mid-rib. Phytomyza rufescens von Roser [Agromyzidae]. 3> Larva mining both lower and upper surface, unusually long, linear, conspicuously broad, frequently largely on the underside of the leaf. Pupation external. Puparium black Mine of Phytomyza marginella on Lapsana communis. Image: Willem Ellis (Source: Nederlandse bladmineerders) Phytomyza marginella Fallén [Agromyzidae]. ->Mine linear, whitish, both upper and lower surface. Pupation internal, at the end of the mine, with the anterior spiracles projecting through the epidermis. Mine of Chromatomyia atricornis on Sonchus olearaceus. Images: Willem Ellis (Source: Nederlandse bladmineerders)   Chromatomyia 'atricornis' auctt. [Agromyzidae]. ->A small primary upper surface blotch. Liriomyza hieracii Kaltenbach [Agromyzidae]

Non-dipterous miners recorded on Hieracium in Britain Cnephasia conspersana Douglas, 1846 Lepidoptera: Tortricidae   Coleophora trochilella (Duponchel, 1843) Lepidoptera: Coleophoridae     Orthochaetes setiger (Beck, 1817) Coleoptera: Curculionidae

Last updated 08-Sep-2008  Brian Pitkin

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