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LAMIUM. Dead-nettles. [Lamiaceae]
Nine species of Lamium are recorded in Britain. These include the native Henbit Dead-nettle (L. amplexicaule), Northern Dead-nettle (L. confertum), Cut-leaved Dead-nettle (L. hybridum), Red Dead-nettle (L. purpureum) and White Dead-nettle (L. album). Seven dipterous miners, the agromyzids Agromyza flavipennis, Amauromyza labiatarum, Amauromyza lamii, Amauromyza morionella, Liriomyza strigata, and Ophiomyia labiatarum and the ephydrid Hydrellia griseola, are recorded on Lamium in Britain, although British records of Amauromyza morionella require confirmation. The agromyzid Liriomyza huidobrensis, a polyphagous pest species of ornamental and vegetable crops, is occasionally intercepted at UK points of entry on Lamium.	White Dead-nettle - Lamium album
Elsewhere the agromyzids Agromyza flavipennis, Amauromyza labiatarum, Amauromyza lamii, Amauromyza morionella, Liriomyza bryoniae, Liriomyza strigata, Liriomyza trifolii and Ophiomyia labiatarum, and the ephydrid Hydrellia griseola are recorded mining Lamium. Two non-dipterous miners are recorded on Lamium in Britain (see below).

Key for the identification of the known Diptera mines in Britain.

1> Stem mine. A shallow, inconspicuous external stem mine. Pupation in stem near a node. Puparium whitish-grey Ophiomyia labiatarum Hering [Agromyzidae]. -> Leaf mine. 2. 2> Mine primarily associated with the mid-rib. A distinctive mine with irregular short lateral offshoots into leaf blade. Pupation external.     Mines of Liriomyza strigata on Sonchus. Image: Crown copyright - courtesy of CSL Liriomyza strigata (Meigen) [Agromyzidae]. -> Mine not primarily associated with the mid rib. 3. 3> Blotch-mine invariably adjoining margin of leaf. Puparium reddish-brown or reddish-orange Agromyza flavipennis Hendel [Agromyzidae]. -> A linear-blotch mine, first instar mine is linear, later developing into a conspicuous white blotch. Frass greenish diffused. Rubus fruticosus Filipendula ulmaria Mines of Amauromyza labiatarum. Images: Willem Ellis (Source: Nederlandse bladmineerders) Amauromyza (Trilobomyza) labiatarum (Hendel) [Agromyzidae]. -> Initially a long, slim corridor, the frass alternating on either the side of the corridor. After moulting, the larva broadens the mine and the frass is less regular. Pupation external Mine of Amauromyza lamii on Stachys sylvatica. Image: Willem Ellis (Source: Nederlandse bladmineerders) Amauromyza lamii (Kaltenbach, 1858) [Agromyzidae]. -> An initially linear mine, which at second instar develops into a large whitish blotch with conspicuous black frass. The early linear mine is frequently entirely enveloped by the blotch but is detectable by the alternate irregular strips of frass. Pupation external. Puparium reddish-brown. Distinguishable from Amauromyza lamii only by the male genitalia. Amauromyza (Amauromyza) morionella (Zetterstedt) [Agromyzidae]. -> Irregularly formed mine, very shallow and as a result, whitish in colour. In broad leaved plants frequently star-shaped and sometimes a very shallow corridor. In grasses the mine frequently starts in the leaf sheath. The frass is finely grained, initially irregularly spread, later in clumps. The larva may mine more than one leaf. Pupation in separate mine (sometimes even on another plant) without frass. Puparium whitish to dark grey Mine of Hydrellia griseola on Glyceria fluitans. Image: Willem Ellis (Source: Nederlandse bladmineerders) Hydrellia griseola (Fallén) [Ephydridae].

Non-dipterous miners recorded on Lamium in Britain Apteropoda globosa (Illiger, 1794) Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae     Coleophora lineolea (Haworth, 1828) Lepidoptera: Coleophoridae

Last updated 05-Aug-2008  Brian Pitkin

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