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STACHYS. Woundworts. [Lamiaceae]

Fourteen species of Stachys are recorded in Britain. These include the native Field Woundwort (S. arvensis), Downy Woundwort (S. germanica), Marsh Woundwort (S. palustris), Limestone Woundwort (S. alpina), Betony (S. officinalis), Hedge Woundwort (S. sylvatica) and Hybrid Woundwort (S. x ambigua). Limestone Woundwort (S. alpina) and Downy Woundwort (S. germanica) are protected under Schedule 8 of the Wildlife and Countryside Act, 1981. Betony (S. officinalis) is protected in Northern Ireland under Schedule 8 of the Wildlife (Northern Ireland) Order, 1985. Four dipterous miners, the agromyzids Amauromyza labiatarum, Amauromyza lamii, Amauromyza morionella and Ophiomyia labiatarum, are recorded on Stachys in Britain. The agromyzid Liriomyza sativae, a polyphagous pest species of ornamental and vegetable crops occasionally intercepted at UK points of entry, has been tentatively recorded on Stachys. Elsewhere the agromyzids Amauromyza lamii, Amauromyza morionella, Liriomyza sativae, Liriomyza strigata and Ophiomyia labiatarum are recorded mining Stachys. Three non-dipterous miners are recorded on Stachys in Britain (see below).

Betony - Stachys officinalis

Key for the identification of the known Diptera mines in Britain.

1> Stem mine. A shallow, inconspicuous external stem mine. Pupation in stem near a node. Puparium whitish-grey Ophiomyia labiatarum Hering [Agromyzidae]. -> Leaf mine. 2. 2> An initially linear mine, which at second instar develops into a large whitish blotch with conspicuous black frass. The early linear mine is frequently entirely enveloped by the blotch but is detectable by the alternate irregular strips of frass. Pupation external. Puparium reddish-brown. Mine of Amauromyza morionella on Ballota nigra. Image: Willem Ellis (Source Ellis (Nederlandse bladmineerders) Amauromyza (Amauromyza) morionella (Zetterstedt) [Agromyzidae]. -> A linear-blotch mine, first instar mine is linear, later developing into a conspicuous white blotch. Frass greenish diffused. Rubus fruticosus Filipendula ulmaria Mines of Amauromyza labiatarum. Images: Willem Ellis (Source: Nederlandse bladmineerders) Amauromyza (Trilobomyza) labiatarum (Hendel) [Agromyzidae]. -> Initially a long, slim corridor, the frass alternating on either the side of the corridor. After moulting, the larva broadens the mine and the frass is less regular. Pupation external Mine of Amauromyza lamii on Stachys sylvatica. Image: Willem Ellis (Source: Nederlandse bladmineerders) Amauromyza lamii (Kaltenbach, 1858) [Agromyzidae]

Non-dipterous miners recorded on Stachys in Britain Apteropeda orbiculata (Marsham, 1802) Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae   Coleophora lineolea (Haworth, 1828) Lepidoptera: Coleophoridae Coleophora wockeella Zeller, 1849 Lepidoptera: Coleophoridae

Last updated 08-Aug-2008  Brian Pitkin

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