The leaf and stem  mines of British flies and other insects by Brian Pitkin, Willem Ellis, Colin Plant and Rob Edmunds


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STACHYS. Woundworts. [Lamiaceae]


Fourteen species of Stachys are recorded in Britain. These include the native Field Woundwort (S. arvensis), Downy Woundwort (S. germanica), Marsh Woundwort (S. palustris), Limestone Woundwort (S. alpina), Betony (S. officinalis), Hedge Woundwort (S. sylvatica) and Hybrid Woundwort (S. x ambigua).

Limestone Woundwort (S. alpina) and Downy Woundwort (S. germanica) are protected under Schedule 8 of the Wildlife and Countryside Act, 1981.

Betony (S. officinalis) is protected in Northern Ireland under Schedule 8 of the Wildlife (Northern Ireland) Order, 1985.

Four dipterous miners, the agromyzids Amauromyza labiatarum, Amauromyza lamii, Amauromyza morionella and Ophiomyia labiatarum, are recorded on Stachys in Britain.

The agromyzid Liriomyza sativae, a polyphagous pest species of ornamental and vegetable crops occasionally intercepted at UK points of entry, has been tentatively recorded on Stachys.

Elsewhere the agromyzids Amauromyza lamii, Amauromyza morionella, Liriomyza sativae, Liriomyza strigata and Ophiomyia labiatarum are recorded mining Stachys.

Three non-dipterous miners are recorded on Stachys in Britain (see below).

Betony - Stachys officinalis. Image: Brian Pitkin
Betony - Stachys officinalis



Key for the identification of the known Diptera mines in Britain.




1> Stem mine. A shallow, inconspicuous external stem mine. Pupation in stem near a node. Puparium whitish-grey

Ophiomyia labiatarum Hering [Agromyzidae].

-> Leaf mine.

2.

2> An initially linear mine, which at second instar develops into a large whitish blotch with conspicuous black frass. The early linear mine is frequently entirely enveloped by the blotch but is detectable by the alternate irregular strips of frass. Pupation external. Puparium reddish-brown.

Mine of Amauromyza morionella on Ballota nigra. Image: Willem Ellis (Source Ellis (Nederlandse bladmineerders)
Mine of Amauromyza morionella on Ballota nigra.
Image: Willem Ellis (Source Ellis (Nederlandse bladmineerders)

Amauromyza (Amauromyza) morionella (Zetterstedt) [Agromyzidae].

-> A linear-blotch mine, first instar mine is linear, later developing into a conspicuous white blotch. Frass greenish diffused.

Mine of Amauromyza labiatarum. Image: Willem Ellis (Source: Nederlandse bladmineerders)
Mine of Amauromyza labiatarum. Image: Willem Ellis (Source: Nederlandse bladmineerders)
Rubus fruticosus
Filipendula ulmaria
Mines of Amauromyza labiatarum.
Images: Willem Ellis (Source: Nederlandse bladmineerders)

Amauromyza (Trilobomyza) labiatarum (Hendel) [Agromyzidae].

-> Initially a long, slim corridor, the frass alternating on either the side of the corridor. After moulting, the larva broadens the mine and the frass is less regular. Pupation external

Mine of Amauromyza lamii on Stachys sylvatica. Image: Willem Ellis (Source: Nederlandse bladmineerders)
Mine of Amauromyza lamii on Stachys sylvatica. Image: Willem Ellis (Source: Nederlandse bladmineerders)

Amauromyza lamii (Kaltenbach, 1858) [Agromyzidae]

 



Non-dipterous miners recorded on Stachys in Britain

Apteropeda orbiculata (Marsham, 1802) Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae British Leafminers   Nederlandse bladmineerders Fauna Europaea
Coleophora lineolea (Haworth, 1828) Lepidoptera: Coleophoridae British Leafminers UKMoths Nederlandse bladmineerders Fauna Europaea
Coleophora wockeella Zeller, 1849 Lepidoptera: Coleophoridae   UKMoths   Fauna Europaea



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Last updated 08-Aug-2008  Brian Pitkin

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