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Leaf-mine:
The larva mines the leaves causing noticeable brown blotches, often
many to one leaf. There is however, a similar-looking fungus which
can cause confusion (UKMoths).
The leaf-mine is also illustrated in British
leafminers and Nederlandse
bladmineerders.
Larva:
Details
unknown.
Pupa:
The
pupa and cocoon are illustrated in British
leafminers and UKMoths;
and the pupa is illustrated in Nederlandse
bladmineerders.
Hosts
in Britain:
Hosts
elsewhere:
Time
of year - mines: May - October (British
leafminers).
Time
of year - adults: Multivolitine, with up to three generations
a year (British
leafminers).
Distribution
in Britain: This species was discovered near Macedonia in 1985,
and since then has spread rapidly to other countries in Europe.
It was first discovered in Britain at Wimbledon in south-west London
in 2002, but possibly had arrived the previous year, as it was quite
plentiful. It is thought that the species may be expanding partially
due to accidental transportation by man, either by road or rail
. It has now been found quite extensively in the south-east of England
(UKMoths)
including West Gloucester and North Somerset (NBN
Gateway distribution map - BRERC).
See also Forest
Research distribution maps for details of range expansion 2002-7
and British
leafminers distribution map). Also recirded in the Channel Is.
(Guernsey) (British leafminers - Newsletter).
Distribution
elsewhere: Widespread in Europe including Albania, Austria, Belgium,
Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, Czech Republic, Danish
mainland, French mainland, Germany, Greek mainland, Hungary, Italian
mainland, Liechtenstein, Luxembourg, Macedonia, Poland, Romania, Slovakia,
Slovenia, Spanish mainland, Sweden, Switzerland, The Netherlands,
Ukraine and Yugoslavia (Karsholt & van Nieukerken in Fauna
Europaea).
Parasitoids:
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