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Leaf-mine:
The larva feeds internally in a needle, working its way from the
base to the tip. It may then feed externally in a slight web (UKMoths).
The mine is illustrated in Nederlandse
bladmineerders.
Larva:
During
the mining phase the larva is orange red, but on emergence is shiny
green (British
leafminers). The larva is illustrated in Nederlandse
bladmineerders.
Pupa:
In a white cocoon on the ground. The pupa is initially green, then
darkens as it matures (British
leafminers).
Hosts
in Britain:
Hosts
elsewhere:
Time
of year - mines: March - April (British
leafminers).
Time
of year - adults: The adults fly in June and July, when they
can be attracted to light (UKMoths).
Distribution
in Britain: A widespread but local species occurring over much
of England and Scotland in its favoured habitat, pine woodland (UKMoths),
including Bedford, East Cornwall, East Ross, East Sutherland, Easterness,
South Aberdeen, South Devon, South Lancaster and West Perth (NBN
Gateway distribution map - BRERC,
DBRC,
HBRG, JNCC,
NE,
NESBRC,
SNH and SHWRG).
Distribution
elsewhere: Widespread in Europe including Austria, Belarus,
Belgium, Bulgaria, Czech Republic, Danish mainland, Estonia, Finland,
Germany, Greek mainland, Hungary, Italian mainland, Latvia, Lithuania,
Luxembourg, Norwegian mainland, Poland, Romania, Russia - Central,
North and Northwest, Slovakia, Spanish mainland, Sweden, Switzerland,
The Netherlands and Ukraine (Karsholt & van Nieukerken in Fauna
Europaea).
Parasitoids:
Unknown.
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