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Leaf-mine:
The larva creates a succession of cases, in this instance fashioned
from parts of a leaf. The final case is 11-13mm long, slender, and
fixed at 45° to the leaf surface, with anal end laterally compressed
and bivalved (British
leafminers). The species overwinters in one of these cases,
in some populations twice before emerging as an adult (UKMoths).
Larva:
The
larva is illustrated in Nederlandse
bladmineerders. The case is illustrated in UKMoths,
British
leafminers and Nederlandse
bladmineerders
Pupa:
Details unknown.
Hosts
in Britain:
Hosts
elsewhere:
Time
of year - mines: Probably from September (early feeding not
recorded) to November, feeding again from late May to June or July.
There is also a biennial population, which aestivates and completes
feeding in June or July of the second year (British
leafminers).
Time
of year - adults: Mainly in July and August. Some populations
only produce adults every two years (UKMoths).
Distribution
in Britain: A rather local species which is slowly increasing
its range. It occurs in scattered colonies in central and southern
England, but also occasionally elsewhere (UKMoths)
including East Kent, Hereford, West Gloucester and Worcester (NBN
Gateway distribution map - JNCC
and NE).
Distribution
elsewhere: Widespread in Europe including Austria, Belgium,
Czech Republic, Danish mainland, Estonia, Finland, French mainland,
Italian mainland, Latvia, Lithuania, Norwegian mainland, Poland,
Romania, Sardinia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Swede, Switzerland and The
Netherlnds (Karsholt & van Nieukerken in Fauna
Europaea).
Parasitoids:
Unknown.
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