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Leaf-mine:
A complex life cycle with the larvae intially mining the leaves,
before forming a small case in the autumn of the year. The final
case is 6-8mm long and the feeding signs are very visible with the
larva being able to leave its case and enter the leaf to feed (British
leafminers).
Larva:
Details unknown.
Pupa:
Details unknown.
Hosts
in Britain:
Hosts
elsewhere:
Time
of year - mines: Two year cycle. Mid-autumn to November, March
to May, September to November, March to April (British
leafminers).
Time
of year - adults: Unknown.
Distribution
in Britain: British Is. (Karsholt & van Nieukerken in Fauna
Europaea) including Banff, East Perth, East Ross, Easterness,
Elgin and Mid Perth (NBN
Gateway distribution map - HBRG,
SNH and SHWRG).
Distribution
elsewhere: Widespread in Europe including Austria, Czech Republic,
Danish mainland, Estonia, Finland, Germany, Italian mainland, Latvia,
Lithuania, Norwegian mainland, Poland, Romania, Russia - North,
Slovakia, Slovenia, Sweden, Switzerland and The Netherlands (Karsholt
& van Nieukerken in Fauna
Europaea).
Parasitoids:
Unknown.
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