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Leaf-mine:
The larvae feed on the needles. When occurring in large numbers,
entire trees can be damaged, the needles turning pale as the larvae
eat them from within. A number of cases are built as the larvae
grow, often in the centre of a floret of needles (UKMoths).
The case is also illutrated in British
leafminers and Nederlandse
bladmineerders.
Larva:
Details
unknown.
Pupa:
The
cremaster is illustrated in Nederlandse
bladmineerders.
Hosts
in Britain:
Hosts
elsewhere:
Time
of year - mines: July to October, feeding again from April to
May (British
leafminers).
Time
of year - adults: The adults fly in June and July and are attracted
to light (UKMoths).
Distribution
in Britain: A common species in suitable habitats throughout
most of the British Isles (UKMoths)
including Banff, East Gloucester, East Perth, Hereford, Mid Perth,
North Aberdeen, North Ebudes, North Essex, South Hants, South Lancaster,
Warwick, West Gloucester, Worcester (NBN
Gateway distribution map - HBRG,
JNCC, NE,
NESBRC,
SNH and SHWRG)
and Northern Ireland (Karsholt & van Nieukerken in Fauna
Europaea).
Also
recorded in the Republic of Ireland (Karsholt & van Nieukerken
in Fauna
Europaea).
Distribution
elsewhere: Widespread in Europe including Austria, Belgium,
Croatia, Czech Republic, Danish mainland, Estonia, Finland, French
mainland, Germany, Hungary, Italian mainland, Latvia, Liechtenstein,
Lithuania, Norwegian mainland, Poland, Romania, Russia - North,
Slovakia, Slovenia, Sweden, Switzerland and The Netherlands (Karsholt
& van Nieukerken in Fauna
Europaea).
Parasitoids:
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