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Leaf-mine:
The initial gallery is soon absorbed into a blotch. The blotch
is squarish as the larva eats through the leaf parenchyma to the
upper epidermis. the blotch turns brown and care must be taken to
distinguish these mines from diptera - which can form blackish blotches
(British
leafminers).
Larva:
The larva is illustrated in British
leafminers and Nederlandse
bladmineerders.
Pupa:
Details
unknown.
Hosts
in Britain:
Hosts
elsewhere: Lithospernum officinale, Pulmonaria officinalis and
Symphytum officinale
Time
of year - mines: August-September (British
leafminers).
Time
of year - adults: Unknown.
Distribution
in Britain: British Is. (Karsholt & van Nieukerken in Fauna
Europaea) including Cambridge and Hunts (NBN
Gateway distribution map - NE).
See also British
leafminers distribution map.
Distribution
elsewhere: Widespread in Europe including Austria, Belgium,
Czech Republic, Danish mainland, French mainland, Germany, Hungary,
Italian mainland, Luxembourg, Poland, Romania, Russia - Central,
Slovakia, The Netherlands and Ukraine. Also recorded in Near East
and North Africa (Karsholt & van Nieukerken in Fauna
Europaea).
Parasitoids:
Unknown.
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