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Leaf-mine:
The larva feeds on buds in the spring. In the Summer it feeds on
seeds forming a gallery in the wing (British
leafminers). Attacked fruits remain on the plant (Johansson
et al., 1990a; Nederlandse
bladmineerders).
Larva:
Pale amber, head yellowish (Emmet, 1983a; Nederlandse
bladmineerders).
Pupa:
In a brownish cocoon, often on the stem (Nederlandse
bladmineerders).
Hosts
in Britain:
Hosts
elsewhere:
Time
of year - mines: June, August - September, October (British
leafminers).
Time
of year - adults: Emmet (1983a) speculates that in the UK sometimes
two summer generation occur (Nederlandse
bladmineerders).
Distribution
in Britain: British Is. (Karsholt & van Nieukerken in Fauna
Europaea) including West Kent and Worcester (NBN
Gateway distribution map - NE).
See also British
leafminers distribution map.
Distribution
elsewhere: Widespread in Europe including Austria, Croatia,
Czech Republic, Danish mainland, Germany, Hungary, Italian mainland,
Poland, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Switzerland and Ukraine (Karsholt
& van Nieukerken in Fauna
Europaea).
Parasitoids:
Unknown.
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