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Leaf-mine:
The larva mines in a birch leaf, forming a large blotch (UKMoths)
starting at or near the leaf edge and then widens into a blotch
(British
leafminers).
Oviposition
a few mm from the leaf margin; here begins a corridor of some mm,
filled with granular frass. This corridor suddenly widens into a
large full depth white bloth, with frass in long threads. The blotch
remains adjacent to the leaf margin, and often engulfs the initial
corridor. Almost always one larva in the mine (unless by coalescence
of two mines). Pupation external. Older mines wither and desintegrate,
and cannot be found later in the summer (Bladmineerders
van Europa).
Larva:
The larvae are white or yellowish (UKMoths)
and is illustrated in Bladmineerders
van Europa.
Pupa:
Details unknown.
Adult:
The adult is illustrated in UKMoths.
The male
genitalia, but not the female genitalia (check
for update), are illustrated by the Lepidoptera Dissection Group.
Hosts
in Britain:
Hosts
elsewhere:
Time
of year - larvae: April - May (British
leafminers).
Time
of year - adults: The adults fly in March and April, especially
in sunshine (UKMoths).
Distribution
in Great Britain & Ireland: The commonest and most widespread
of the Eriocrania species that feed on birch, occurring throughout
most of Britain (UKMoths)
including Banff, Chester, East Kent, East Sutherland, Elgin, Fife,
Kincardine, North Aberdeen, North Hants, South Aberdeen, South Lancaster,
Surrey, Warwick, Westmorland and Worcester (NBN
Gateway distribution map - BRERC,
GiGL,HBRG,
NE,
NESBRC,
SNH and SHWRG).
See also British
leafminers distribution map.
Also
recorded in the Republic of Ireland (Karsholt & van Nieukerken
in Fauna
Europaea).
NBN
Grid map:
Distribution
elsewhere: Widespread in Europe including Austria, Belarus,
Belgium, Czech Republic, Danish mainland, Estonia, Finland, French
mainland, Germany, Greek mainland, Hungary, Italian mainland, Latvia,
Lithuania, Luxembourg, Norwegian mainland, Poland, Romania, Russia
- Central, North and South, Slovakia, Spanish mainland, Sweden,
Switzerland and The Netherlands (Karsholt & van Nieukerken in
Fauna
Europaea).
NBN
interactive distribution maps of known host species in Britain and
elsewhere:
Parasitoids
in Britain and elsewhere:
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