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Leaf-mine:
Initially a gallery is made and filled with frass. It is widened
abruptly into a blotch, which absorbs the gallery and may occupy
the whole leaf. The frass may then be dispersed or heaped in the
blotch. A larva may mine more than one leaf before it vacates the
mine (UKMoths).
The mine is also illustrated in British
leafminers. The mine is also illustrated in Nederlandse
bladmineerders.
Larva:
Details
unknown.
Pupa:
In a silk cocoon among leaf litter (UKMoths;
British
leafminers).
Hosts
in Britain:
Hosts
elsewhere:
Time
of year - mines: October-April and June-July (UKMoths;
British
leafminers).
Time
of year - adults: The adults fly in two generations, primarily
May-mid June, and mid July-August, but specimens can be found any
time from late April to early October. Adults can often be taken
in a fine meshed net by day, if the foodplants or nearby low vegetation
are disturbed (UKMoths).
Distribution
in Britain: The distribution of this moth follows that of its
foodplants; rockroses (Helianthemum spp.), which are confined
to limestone and chalk in southern Britain, but extends onto slightly
acid soils in N.E. England and E. Scotland. It is usually a common
moth, wherever its foodplants occur (UKMoths),
including East Kent, East Perth, North Hants, South Aberdeen, South
Wilts, Stafford and Westmorland (NBN
Gateway distribution map - BRERC,
NE,
NESBRC
and SNH). See
also British
leafminers distribution map.
Distribution
elsewhere: Widespread in Europe including Andorra, Austria,
Belgium, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Corsica, Crete, Croatia,
Cyprus, Czech Republic, Danish mainland, Estonia, Finland, French
mainland, Germany, Greek mainland, Hungary, Italian mainland, Latvia,
Macedonia, Poland, Portuguese mainland, Romania, Russia - South,
Sardinia, Sicily, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spanish mainland, Sweden,
Switzerland, The Netherlands, Ukraine and Yugoslavia (Karsholt &
van Nieukerken in Fauna
Europaea).
Parasitoids:
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