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Leaf-mine:
The larva feeds within the needle from the tip to base and exits
close to the base (British
leafminers).
Larva:
The
larva is illustrated in British
leafminers and Nederlandse
bladmineerders.
Pupa:
The
pupa and cocoon are llustrated in British
leafminers and Nederlandse
bladmineerders.
Hosts
in Britain:
Hosts
elsewhere:
Time
of year - mines: December - March; June - July; September (British
leafminers).
Time
of year - adults: The species is bi- or trivoltine, with flight
periods in March to May, August and sometimes November (UKMoths).
Distribution
in Britain: British Is. (Karsholt & van Nieukerken in Fauna
Europaea) including Banff, East Kent, East Sutherland, Easterness,
Elgin, Hereford, North-east York, Surrey and West Gloucester (NBN
Gateway distribution map - HBRG,
NE
and NESBRC).
Also
recorded in the Republic of Ireland (Karsholt & van Nieukerken
in Fauna
Europaea).
Distribution
elsewhere: Widespread in Europe including Austria, Belgium,
Czech Republic, Danish mainland, Estonia, Finland, French mainland,
Germany, Latvia, Lithuania, Norwegian mainland, Poland, ? Romania,
Russia - North, Slovakia, Spanish mainland, Sweden, Switzerland
and The Netherlands (Karsholt & van Nieukerken in Fauna
Europaea).
Parasitoids:
Unknown.
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