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Leaf-mine:
A small Phyllonorycter-like mine initially, but with
brown rather than green lower epidermis. Later in one or more successive
cones formed by folding downwards the edge or tip of a leaf (British
leafminers).
Larva:
The larva is illustrated in Nederlandse
bladmineerders.
Pupa:
In
folded leaf-edge (British
leafminers).
Hosts
in Britain:
Hosts
elsewhere:
Time
of year - mines: June, September-October (British
leafminers) and are commonest on birch seedlings (UKMoths).
Time
of year - adults: The adults fly in May and August (UKMoths).
Distribution
in Britain: Common throughout the British Isles, in heaths and
open woodland (UKMoths)
including Banff, Denbigh, East Cornwall, East Kent, East Perth,
Elgin, Hereford, Hunts, Mid Perth, North Essex, North Hants, North
Somerset, Salop, South Aberdeen, South Devon, South Lancaster, South
Wilts, South-west York, Surrey, Warwick, West Gloucester, West Kent,
West Perth and Worcester (NBN
Gateway distribution map - BRERC,
DBRC,
NE,
NESBRC,
SNH, SHWRG)
and Northern Ireland (Karsholt & van Nieukerken in Fauna
Europaea). See also British
leafminers distribution map.
Distribution
elsewhere: Widespread in Europe including Austria, Belgium,
Czech Republic, Danish mainland, Estonia, Finland, French mainland,
Germany, Hungary, Italian mainland, Latvia, Lithuania, Norwegian
mainland, Poland, Romania, Russia - Central, East, North, Northwest
and South, Slovakia, Sweden, Switzerland, The Netherlands and Ukraine,
Also recorded in East Palaearctic (Karsholt & van Nieukerken
in Fauna
Europaea).
Parasitoids:
Unknown.
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