Leaf-mine: The mine is small, usually in lobe of leaf, causing the lobe to fold downwards (British leafminers).

Relatively small, lower surface tentiform mine. The mine lies often under a leaf segment, and when the mine develops and contracts the segment usually folds down over the mine. The larva also feeds upon the palisade parenchyma of the roof of the mine, causing the upper surface of the leaf to appear damaged. Pupa blackish brown in a tight, thin-walled cocoon that is attached to the floor of the mine; all frass is accumulated in the opposite corner of the mine (Bladmineerders van Europa).

Larva: Details unknown.

Pupa: The cremaster has four hooks (British leafminers). The pupa is illustrated in Bladmineerders van Europa.

Adult: The adult is illustrated in UKMoths. The genitalia rare not illustrated by the Lepidoptera Dissection Group (check for update).

Hosts in Britain:

Hosts elsewhere:

Time of year - larvae: July and more commonly in September and October (UKMoths).

Time of year - adults: The adults emerge in two generations, in May and August (UKMoths).

Distribution in Great Britain and Ireland: Widespread in England and Wales, including Bedfordshire, Brecon, Cambridgeshire, Cheshire, Derbyshire, East Kent, East Norfolk, East Suffolk, Glamorgan, Herefordshire, Huntingdonshire, Leicestershire, Monmouthshire, North Essex, North Hampshire, North Somerset, North Wiltshire, Radnorshire, South Devon, South Essex, South Lancaster, South Wiltshire, Stafford, Surrey, Warwickshire, West Gloucestershire, West Kent, West Norfolk, West Suffolk, Westmorland and Worcestershire (NBN Gateway - N.B. includes Watsonian Vice Counties having publicly available records that fall within or overlap the vice county border at 10km resolution or better i.e. a record for a vice county may relate to an adjacent vice county - for included datasets see NBN Grid map below). See also British leafminers distribution map.

NBN Grid map: Note that not all datasets on the NBN Gateway may be available on the map below. If you are an NBN Gateway registered user you can request access for missing datasets via the link 'Open interactive map in new window' below.

Distribution elsewhere: Widespread in continental Europe including Albania, Austria, Belarus, Belgium, Bulgaria, Czech Republic, Danish mainland, French mainland, Germany, Hungary, Italian mainland, Republic of Moldova, Poland, Romania, Russia - Central and South, Slovakia, Sweden, Switzerland, The Netherlands, Ukraine, Yugoslavia. Also recorded in Near East (Karsholt and van Nieukerken in Fauna Europaea).

NBN interactive distribution map(s) of known host species in Great Britain and Ireland and elsewhere:

Parasitoids in Britain and elsewhere: