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Phyllonorycter froelichiella (Zeller, 1839) [Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae]. Lithocolletis froelichiella Zeller, 1839. Isis: 218. Phyllonorycter froelichiella (Zeller, 1839).

Leaf-mine: The mine is underside, about 25 mm long, often from midrib to margin of leaf. The lower epidermis appears smooth. There may be several mines in a leaf (British leafminers). Large, lower-surface tentiform mine, often occupying the entire space between two side veins, from the midrib almost to the leaf margin, Lower epidermis without clear folds.The larva is grey (all other phyllonorycters on Alder are white). Pupa in a light brown cocoon that is fastened to the roof of the mine. The cocoon is entirely free of frass: all frass is accumulated in the inner corner of the mine (Bladmineerders van Europa). Mines of Phyllonorycter froelichiella Image: Rob Edmunds (British leafminers) The mine is also described and illustrated in UKMoths. Larva: The larva is described and illustrated in Bladmineerders van Europa. Pupa: The cremaster is described and illustrated in British leafminers and Bladmineerders van Europa. Adult: The adult is illustrated in UKMoths. The genitalia are not illustrated by the Lepidoptera Dissection Group (check for update), Hosts in Britain: Betulaceae       Alnus     British leafminers Alnus glutinosa Alder Pitkin & Plant Alnus glutinosa Alder UKMoths Hosts elsewhere: Betulaceae       Alnus glutinosa Alder Bladmineerders van Europa Alnus incana Grey Alder Bladmineerders van Europa Time of year - larvae: September - October (British leafminers). Time of year - adults: The moth is believed to have only a single generation, flying in July and August, though bred specimens will emerge in spring if kept indoors (UKMoths). Distribution in Great Britain & Ireland: British Is. (Karsholt & van Nieukerken in Fauna Europaea) including Easterness, South Devon and South-west York (NBN Gateway distribution map - BRERC, HBRG, JNCC and NE). Also Fleet, Hants (British leafminers). See also British leafminers distribution map. Also recorded in the Republic of Ireland (Karsholt & van Nieukerken in Fauna Europaea). NBN Grid map: Distribution elsewhere: Widespread in Europe including Albania, Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Czech Republic, Danish mainland, Estonia, Finland, French mainland, Germany, Hungary, Italian mainland, Latvia, Lithuania, Macedonia, Norwegian mainland, Poland, Portuguese mainland, Romania, Russia - Central and Northwest, Sardinia, Slovakia, Spanish mainland, Sweden, Switzerland, The Netherlands, Ukraine and Yugoslavia (Karsholt & van Nieukerken in Fauna Europaea). NBN interactive distribution maps of known host species in Britain and elsewhere: Alnus glutinosa, Alnus incana Parasitoids in Britain and elsewhere: Unknown.

External links:	Search the internet:
Belgian Lepidoptera British leafminers NBN Gateway Bladmineerders van Europa Fauna Europaea UKMoths	Find using Google Find using Google Scholar Find images using Google

Last updated 30-Aug-2010  Brian Pitkin