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Leaf-mine:
The mine is brownish and extends along the midrib, sometimes
branching (British
leafminers).
Larva:
The larva is illustrated in Nederlandse
bladmineerders.
Pupa:
On
the ground in the leaf litter (British
leafminers).
Hosts
in Britain:
Hosts
elsewhere:
Time
of year - mines: July, September (British
leafminers).
Time
of year - adults: Generally there are two generations, with
adults on the wing in April to June and again in July to September
(UKMoths).
Distribution
in Britain: Widely distributed across much of the British Isles,
this species occupies rough and open ground where thistles abound
(UKMoths)
including Berks, Cambridge, East Kent, Easterness, Edinburgh, Forfar,
Hunts, Kincardine, Mid Perth, North Aberdeen, North Ebudes, North
Hants, Peebles, Selkirk, South Aberdeen, South Devon, South Lancaster,
South Somerset, West Suffolk and Worcester (NBN
Gateway distribution map - BRERC,
HBRG, JNCC,
NE,
NESBRC,
SNH and SHWRG).
See also British
leafminers distribution map.
Distribution
elsewhere: Widespread in Europe including Austria, Belarus,
Belgium, Bulgaria, Corsica, Czech Republic, Danish mainland, Estonia,
European Turkey, Finland, French mainland, Germany, Greek mainland,
Hungary, Ireland, Italian mainland, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg,
Macedonia, Norwegian mainland, Poland, Romania, Russia - Central,
East, North amd South, Sicily, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spanish mainland,
Sweden, Switzerland, The Netherlands and Ukraine (Karsholt &
van Nieukerken in Fauna
Europaea).
Parasitoids:
Unknown.
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