The leaf and stem mines of British flies and other insects
 

(Coleoptera, Diptera, Hymenoptera and Lepidoptera)

by Brian Pitkin, Willem Ellis, Colin Plant and Rob Edmunds

 

Trypeta zoe Meigen, 1826
[Diptera: Tephritidae]


Trypeta zoe Meigen, 1826. Syst. Beschr. 5: 315
Spilographa wiedemanni Hendel, 1923c. Fliegen pal. Reg. 1923: 397 [Preoccupied]
Trypeta zoe Meigen, 1826; White, 1988: 63. Handbk ident. Br. Ins. 10(5a): 24, 40, 63.


Leaf-miner: The mine begins as a long, quite narrow corridor, usually not far from the tip of a leaf segment. Usually this corridor follows the leaf margin for some distance, but it may also run freely through the blade and may then be stongly contorted. In the end the corridor is directed towards the midrib, where an elongated blotch is formed, overlying the midrib and some of the larger lateral veins. Frass in a nearly continuous line in the initial corridor, in scattered lumps in the later part of the mine. Primary and secondary feeding lines very conspicuous when seen in transparancy. Pupation outside the mine (Bladmineerders van Europa).

The mine starts as a very narrow corridor, usually close to the tip of a leaf segment and following the leaf margin. The later section of the corridor approaches the main vein, where an elongated blotch is made with long broad finger like extensions that lay over the secondary veins. In the initial corridor the frass forms an almost continuous line, in the blotch it is distributed in large scattered lumps. In fresh mines the secondary feeding lines are clearly visible (British leafminers).

The mine is also illustrated in the Encyclopedia of Life.

Larva: The larvae of flies are leg-less maggots without a head capsule (see examples). They never have thoracic or abdominal legs. They do not have chewing mouthparts, although they do have a characteristic cephalo-pharyngeal skeleton (see examples), usually visible internally through the body wall.

The larva is described by Vos-de Wilde (1935) and illustrated in Bladmineerders van Europa.

Puparium: The puparia of flies are formed within the hardened last larval skin or puparium and as a result sheaths enclosing head appendages, wings and legs are not visible externally (see examples).

Yellow; anterior spiracle openings arranged in large arcs, not elevated on a fan-like structure; posterior spiracles each with a central opening larger and more raised than the lateral openings (White, 1988: 63). The pupraium is illustrated in the Encyclopedia of Life and Bladmineerders van Europa.

Adult: The adult is illustrated in the Encyclopedia of Life.

Comments: There is a unconfirmed published record of zoe on Phlox, but this is not considered normal (White, 1988: 63). Uffen in Chandler (1978) did not indicate whether his host records were British or Foreign and is therefore included under 'Hosts in Britain' and 'Hosts elsewhere'.

Hosts in Great Britain and Ireland:

Asteraceae        

? Artemisia

      Uffen in Chandler, 1978: 222
Artemisia       White, 1988: 63
? Artemisia absinthium Wormwood British Wild Flowers by John Somerville et al. Robbins, 1991: 119
Artemisia vulgaris Mugwort British Wild Flowers by John Somerville et al. British leafminers
Artemisia vulgaris Mugwort British Wild Flowers by John Somerville et al. Mines in BMNH
Artemisia vulgaris Mugwort British Wild Flowers by John Somerville et al. Robbins, 1991: 119
Aster       British leafminers
Aster       Robbins, 1991: 112
Aster       White, 1988: 63
? Aster       Uffen in Chandler, 1978: 222
Aster novi-belgii Confused Michaelmas-daisy British Wild Flowers by John Somerville et al. Mines in BMNH
Chrysanthemum       Mines in BMNH
? Chrysanthemum       Uffen in Chandler, 1978: 222
Chrysanthemum       White, 1988: 63
Eupatorium       British leafminers
Eupatorium       Robbins, 1991: 114
? Eupatorium       Uffen in Chandler, 1978: 222
Eupatorium cannabinum Hemp-agrimony British Wild Flowers by John Somerville et al. White, 1988: 63
Helianthus annuus Sunflower British Wild Flowers by John Somerville et al. Mines in BMNH
Helianthus rigidus     Mines in BMNH
Leucanthemum       British leafminers
Leucanthemum x superbum Shasta Daisy British Wild Flowers by John Somerville et al. Robbins, 1991: 116, as Chrysanthemum maximum
Leucanthemum x superbum Shasta Daisy British Wild Flowers by John Somerville et al. White, 1988: 63, as Chrysanthemum maximum
Leucanthemum x superbum Shasta Daisy British Wild Flowers by John Somerville et al. Mines in BMNH, as Chrysanthemum maximum
? Leucanthemum x superbum Shasta Daisy British Wild Flowers by John Somerville et al. Uffen in Chandler, 1978: 222, as Chrysanthemum maximum
Petasites       British leafminers
Petasites       Robbins, 1991: 111
? Petasites       Uffen in Chandler, 1978: 222
Petasites       White, 1988: 63
Petasites fragans Winter Aconite British Wild Flowers by John Somerville et al. Pitkin & Plant
Senecio       British leafminers
Senecio       Robbins, 1991: 110
? Senecio       Uffen in Chandler, 1978: 222
Senecio erucifolius Hoary Ragwort British Wild Flowers by John Somerville et al. White, 1988: 63
Senecio jacobaea Common Ragwort British Wild Flowers by John Somerville et al. Mines in BMNH
Senecio jacobaea Common Ragwort British Wild Flowers by John Somerville et al. White, 1988: 63
Senecio macrophilus     Mines in BMNH
Senecio squalidus Oxford Ragwort British Wild Flowers by John Somerville et al. Mines in BMNH
Senecio squalidus Oxford Ragwort British Wild Flowers by John Somerville et al. Robbins, 1991:
Senecio squalidus Oxford Ragwort British Wild Flowers by John Somerville et al. White, 1988: 63
Senecio vulgaris Groundsel British Wild Flowers by John Somerville et al. Mines in BMNH
Senecio vulgaris Groundsel British Wild Flowers by John Somerville et al. White, 1988: 63
Tanacetum       British leafminers
Tanacetum       Robbins, 1991: 117
? Tanacetum parthenium Feverfew British Wild Flowers by John Somerville et al. White, 1988: 63
Tussilago       British leafminers
Tussilago       Robbins, 1991: 111
? Tussilago       Uffen in Chandler, 1978: 222
Tussilago farfara Colt's-foot British Wild Flowers by John Somerville et al. White, 1988: 63

Hosts elsewhere:

Asteraceae        
Achillea       Hering, 1957
? Achillea       White, 1988: 63
Achillea       Bladmineerders van Europa
Adenostyles       Hering, 1957
Adenostyles alliariae     Bladmineerders van Europa
Adenostyles alpina     Bladmineerders van Europa
Anthemis       Bladmineerders van Europa
? Arctium lappa     White, 1988: 63

? Artemisia

      Uffen in Chandler, 1978: 222
Artemisia       Hering, 1957
Artemisia absinthium Wormwood British Wild Flowers by John Somerville et al. White, 1988: 63
Artemisia vulgaris Mugwort British Wild Flowers by John Somerville et al. Bladmineerders van Europa
? Aster       Uffen in Chandler, 1978: 222
Aster       Bladmineerders van Europa
? Chrysanthemum       Uffen in Chandler, 1978: 222
Chrysanthemum indicum     Bladmineerders van Europa
Coleostephus clausonis     Bladmineerders van Europa
? Doronicum       White, 1988: 63
Doronicum       Hering, 1957
Doronicum orientale     Bladmineerders van Europa
Doronicum pardalianches     Bladmineerders van Europa
? Eupatorium       Uffen in Chandler, 1978: 222
Eupatorium       Hering, 1957
Eupatorium cannabinum Hemp-agrimony British Wild Flowers by John Somerville et al. Bladmineerders van Europa
Helianthus       Hering, 1957
? Helianthus tubersosus Jerusalem Artichoke British Wild Flowers by John Somerville et al. White, 1988: 63
? Lactuca       White, 1988: 63
Lactuca       Bladmineerders van Europa
Leucanthemum       Hering, 1957
Leucanthemum atratum     Bladmineerders van Europa
? Leucanthemum vulgare Oxeye Daisy British Wild Flowers by John Somerville et al. White, 1988: 63
Leucanthemum vulgare Oxeye Daisy British Wild Flowers by John Somerville et al. Bladmineerders van Europa
? Leucanthemum x superbum Shasta Daisy British Wild Flowers by John Somerville et al. Uffen in Chandler, 1978: 222, as Chrysanthemum maximum
Leucanthemum x superbum Shasta Daisy British Wild Flowers by John Somerville et al.

Bladmineerders van Europa, as Chrysanthemum maximum

Ligularia       Hering, 1957
Matricaria       Bladmineerders van Europa
Matricaria       Hering, 1957
? Matricaria       White, 1988: 63
Mycelis       Hering, 1957
? Mycelis muralis Wall Lettuce British Wild Flowers by John Somerville et al. White, 1988: 63
? Petasites       Uffen in Chandler, 1978: 222
Petasites       Hering, 1957
? Petasites albus White Butterbur British Wild Flowers by John Somerville et al. White, 1988: 63
Petasites albus White Butterbur British Wild Flowers by John Somerville et al. Bladmineerders van Europa
Petasites hybridus Butterbur British Wild Flowers by John Somerville et al. Bladmineerders van Europa
? Senecio       Uffen in Chandler, 1978: 222
Senecio       Hering, 1957
Senecio cordatus     Bladmineerders van Europa
Senecio erucifolius Hoary Ragwort British Wild Flowers by John Somerville et al. Bladmineerders van Europa
Senecio germanicus     Bladmineerders van Europa
? Senecio integrifolius     White, 1988: 63
Senecio jacobaea Common Ragwort British Wild Flowers by John Somerville et al. Bladmineerders van Europa
Senecio nemorensis     Bladmineerders van Europa
Senecio squalidus     Bladmineerders van Europa
Senecio sylvaticus Heath Groundsel British Wild Flowers by John Somerville et al. Bladmineerders van Europa
Senecio vulgaris Groundsel British Wild Flowers by John Somerville et al. Bladmineerders van Europa
Tanacetum parthenium Feverfew British Wild Flowers by John Somerville et al. Bladmineerders van Europa
Tanacetum vulgare Tansy British Wild Flowers by John Somerville et al. Bladmineerders van Europa
Tussilago       Hering, 1957
? Tussilago       Uffen in Chandler, 1978: 222
? Tussilago       White, 1988: 63
Tussilago farfara Colt's-foot British Wild Flowers by John Somerville et al. Bladmineerders van Europa
Lamiaceae        
Ajuga reptans Bugle British Wild Flowers by John Somerville et al. Bland and Rotheray, 1994

Time of year - mines: May-July, September.

Time of year - adults: April-May and June-August.

Distribution in Great Britain and Ireland: Throughout the British Isles, more common in the south than the north (White, 1988: 63), including Warwickshire (Birmingham and Coventry) (Robbins, 1991), Roxburgh (Avenel Hill) (Bland and Rotheray, 1994: 80); Breconshire, Carmarvonshire, Cambridgeshire, Durham, East Norfolk, Easterness, Elgin, Glamorgan, Hertfordshire, Huntingdonshire, Isle of Wight, Merionethshire, North Essex, North Somerset, Nottinghamshire, Renfrewshire, Shropshire, South Hampshire, South Lancashire, South-east Yorkshire, South-west Yorkshire, Surrey, West Gloucestershire, West Kent, West Norfolk, West Sutherland and Westmorland (NBN Atlas).

Distribution elsewhere: Widespread in continental Europe including The Netherlands (Bladmineerders van Europa), Belgium (Leclercq and de Bruyn, 1991) and the European part of the [former] U.S.S.R. (White, 1988: 63). See also Pape & Beuk. See also Fauna Europaea.

NBN Atlas links to known host species:

Achillea millefolium, Ajuga reptans, Arctium lappa, Artemisia absinthium, Artemisia vulgaris, Aster novi-belgii, Doronicum pardalianches, Eupatorium cannabinum, Helianthus tuberosus, Leucanthemum x superbum, Leucanthemum vulgare, Mycelis muralis, Petasites albus, Petasites fragrans, Petasites hybridus, Senecio erucifolius, Senecio integrifolius, Senecio jacobaea, Senecio nemorensis, Senecio squalidus, Senecio sylvaticus, Senecio vulgaris, Tanacetum parthenium, Tanacetum vulgare, Tussilago farfara

British and Irish Parasitoids in Britain and elsewhere:

Chalcidoidea   
Halticoptera patellana (Dalman, 1818) Pteromalidae: Miscogastrinae
Stictomischus obscurus (Walker, 1833) Pteromalidae: Miscogastrinae
Xestomnaster chrysochlorus (Walker, 1846) Pteromalidae: Miscogastrinae
Ichneumonoidea - Links to species no longer available  
Utetes truncatus (Wesmael, 1838) Braconidae: Opiinae


External links: Search the internet:
Biodiversity Heritage Library
Bladmineerders van Europa
British leafminers
Encyclopedia of Life
Fauna Europaea
NBN Atlas
NHM UK Checklist
Find using Google
Find using Google Scholar
Find images using Google


XHTML Validator
Last updated 10-Jul-2019 Brian Pitkin Top of page