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Swammerdamia caesiella (Hübner, 1796)
[Lepidoptera: Yponomeutidae]

Birch Ermel

Swammerdamia caesiella (Hübner, 1796)

Leaf-miner: The young larva makes one of, more probably, several tiny mines, from which much of the frass is ejected. Part of the frass grains are trapped in a slight spinning under the mine (Bladmineerders van Europa).

The initial mine is small. The larva then feeds mostly on the upper surface of the leaf, under a slight web (British leafminers).

Larva:The free living larva is light or dark greyish green with three darker length lines. The lara lives under a slight spinning at the upperside of the leaf, casuing window feeding (Bladmineerders van Europa).

The young larva is green but it changes colour as it matures. The final instar larva is darker green dorsally with yellow-green blocks on its side and subdorsally (British leafminers).

The larva is illustrated in UKMoths and British leafminers.

Pupa: The pupa is illustrated in UKMoths.

Adult: The adult is illustrated in UKMoths. The species is included in mothdissection.co.uk.

Hosts in Great Britain and Ireland:

Hosts elsewhere:

Betulaceae
Betula				Belgian Lepidoptera
Betula	pendula	Silver Birch		Bladmineerders van Europa

Time of year - larvae: Currently unknown.

Time of year - adults: Occurs in two broods, in May and June and again in August (UKMoths).

Distribution in Great Britain and Ireland: Widespread in Britain including Anglesey, Banffshire, Bedfordshire, Breconshire, Caernarvonshire, Cambridgeshire, Carmarthenshire, Denbighshire, Derbyshire, Dorset, East Cornwall, East Kent, East Norfolk, East Ross, East Suffolk, East Sussex, East Sutherland, Easterness, Glamorgan, Hertfordshire, Huntingdonshire, Isle of Wight, Kincardineshire, Kirkcudbrightshire, Linlithgow, Middlesex, Montgomeryshire, North Aberdeenshire, North Devon, North Hampshire, North Northumberland, North Somerset, North-east Yorkshire, Pembrokeshire, Shropshire, South Aberdeenshire, South Hampshire, South Northumberland, South Wiltshire, Stafford, Stirlingshire, Surrey, Warwickshire, West Cornwall, West Gloucestershire, West Kent, West Lancashire, West Norfolk, West Perthshire, West Suffolk, West Sutherland, Westmorland and Worcestershire (NBN Atlas)

Also recorded in Northern Ireland (National Biodiversity Data Centre Map).

Distribution elsewhere: Widespread in Europe including Albania, Austria, Belarus, Belgium, Bulgaria, Czech Republic, Danish mainland, Estonia, Finland, French mainland, Germany, Greek mainland, Hungary, Italian mainland, Kaliningrad Region, Latvia, Luxembourg, Norwegian mainland, Poland, Romania, Russia (Central, North, Northwest), Sardinia, Sicily, Slovakia, Spanish mainland, Sweden, Switzerland, The Netherlands, and Ukraine (Fauna Europaea).

NBN Atlas links to known host species:

British and Irish Parasitoids in Britain and elsewhere: