Leaf-miner: Mine star shaped when small, sometimes with a longer linear section,
later an irregular brownish blotch. Pupation internal (Spencer,
1976: 466).
Mine
not associated with the midrib, stellate, with a large number of
short upper-surface corridors. The mine looks greyish and is inconspicuous.
Frass in discrete grains. One, sometimes two larvae in a mine. Pupation
within the mine (Bladmineerders van Europa).
Forms an upper surface mine which is normally blotchy. The young mine is stellate. The initial mine is purple in colour - turning brown as it ages (British
leafminers).
Larva: The larvae of flies are leg-less maggots without a head capsule (see examples). They never have thoracic or abdominal legs. They do not have chewing mouthparts, although they do have a characteristic cephalo-pharyngeal skeleton (see examples), usually visible internally through the body wall.
The larva is described by de Meijere (1926
and 1937) and Griffiths (1974).
Puparium: The puparia of flies are formed within the hardened last larval skin or puparium and as a result sheaths enclosing head appendages, wings and legs are not visible externally (see examples).
Yellowish-brown; posterior spiracles on short projections, each
with about 20 bulbs (Spencer,
1976: 466). The anterior spiracles of the yellow-brown puparium
penetrate the plant epidermis (Bladmineerders van Europa).
Hosts in Great Britain and Ireland:
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