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Leaf-miner: Broad mine of variable depth. Frass spread irregularly. Pupation usually internal, seldom external (Bladmineerders van Europa).

Larva: The larvae of flies are leg-less maggots without a head capsule (see examples). They never have thoracic or abdominal legs. They do not have chewing mouthparts, although they do have a characteristic cephalo-pharyngeal skeleton (see examples), usually visible internally through the body wall.

The larva is described Hering (1962); anterior spiracles each with 2 bulbs (Bladmineerders van Europa).

Puparium: The puparia of flies are formed within the hardened last larval skin or puparium and as a result sheaths enclosing head appendages, wings and legs are not visible externally (see examples).

Comments: Irwin and Chandler in Chandler (1978) did not indicate whether their host records were British or Foreign and are therefore tentatively included under 'Hosts in Britain' and 'Hosts elsewhere'.

Hosts in Great Britain and Ireland:

Hosts elsewhere:

Chenopodiaceae
? Atriplex				Irwin and Chandler in Chandler, 1978: 224 and as Halimione
Atriplex				Bladmineerders van Europa
Atriplex				Hering, 1957
? Beta				Irwin and Chandler in Chandler, 1978: 224
Beta				Hering, 1957
Beta	vulgaris subsp. maritima	Sea Beet		Bladmineerders van Europa, as Beta maritima
Obione				Hering, 1957
? Salicornia				Irwin and Chandler in Chandler, 1978: 224
Salicornia				Hering, 1957
Salicornia	europaea	Common Glasswort		Bladmineerders van Europa
? Spergularia				Irwin and Chandler in Chandler, 1978: 224
? Suaeda				Irwin and Chandler in Chandler, 1978: 224
Suaeda				Bladmineerders van Europa
Suaeda				Hering, 1957

Time of year - mines: May-September (Hering, 1957).

Time of year - adults: Currently unknown.

Distribution in Great Britain and Ireland: Recorded in Britain by Irwin (1978: 224) including Essex (Essex Field Club), East Kent, East Suffolk, Glamorgan, Montgomeryshire, North Essex, North Lincolnshire, Pembrokeshire, South Essex and West norfolk (NBN Atlas).

Also recorded in the Republic of Ireland (Zatwarnicki, 2004 in Fauna Europaea).

Distribution elsewhere: Widespread in continental Europe including Germany (Hollmann-Schirrmacher and Zatwarnicki, 1999), Belgium (Gosseries, 1991d), Austria, Bulgaria, Canary Is., Corsica, Crete, Croatia, French mainland, Hungary, Italian mainland, Poland, Romania, Sicily, Slovakia, Spanish mainland (Zatwarnicki, 2004 in Fauna Europaea).

Also recorded in North Africa (Zatwarnicki, 2004 in Fauna Europaea).

NBN Atlas links to known host species:

British and Irish Parasitoids in Britain and elsewhere: Currently unknown.