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Delia
echinata (Seguy, 1923) Spinach stem fly Chortophila
echinata Seguy, 1923. Annls Soc. ent. Fr. 91:
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| Leaf- and Stem-miner:Eggs are scattered individually over the leaf upper surface; they are only loosely attached to the plant. The egg shell has a honeycomb structure. The larva begins with first mining one of the top leaves completely out. Next the larva moves down to another leaf, by way of a tunnel made in the stem. In this way several leaves are mined out, completely and full depth. In the attacked part of the plant the stem has become translucent; the damage causes the plant tip to wilt. In the first mines almost no frass is to be found, further down it is deposited in coarse grains. Pupation generally outside the mine (Miles, 1953) (Bladmineerders van Europa). | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Larva: The larvae of flies are leg-less maggots without a head capsule (see examples). They never have thoracic or abdominal legs. They do not have chewing mouthparts, although they do have a characteristic cephalo-pharyngeal skeleton (see examples), usually visible internally through the body wall. The mandible of the full-grown larva has one hook-shaped tooth (Miles, 1953). Puparium: The puparia of flies are formed within the hardened last larval skin or puparium and as a result sheaths enclosing head appendages, wings and legs are not visible externally (see examples). Comments: Griffith (1982) records echinata as a leaf-miner and in the stems of many Caryophyllaceae and Chenopodiaceae. According to G.C.D. Griffiths (pers. comm.) the records of D. echinata on Phlox are doubtful. Ackland in Chandler (1978) did not indicate whether his host records were British or Foreign and are therefore tentatively included under 'Hosts in Britain' and 'Hosts elsewhere'. Hosts in Great Britain and Ireland:
Hosts elsewhere: Time of year - mines: Larvae throughout the summer in 2 or 3 generations (Hering, 1957). Time of year - adults: Currently unknown. Distribution in Great Britain and Ireland: Britain including Warwickshire (Allesley, Dosthill and Keresley) (Robbins, 1991); Anglesey, Breconshire, Caernarvonshire, Cardiganshire, Cumberland, Dorset, East Ross, Easterness, Glamorgan, Huntingdonshire, North Somerset, North-east Yorkshire, Orkner, Oxfordshire, Peebleshire, Pembrokeshire, South-west Yorkshire, West Cornwall, West Gloucestershire and Shetland (NBN Atlas). NDistribution elsewhere: Widespread in continental Europe including The Netherlands (Bladmineerders van Europa), Belgium (Gosseries and Ackland, 1991), Andorra, Austria, Canary Is., Corsica, Crete, Croatia, Czech Republic, Denmark, Faroe Is., Finland, French mainland, Germany, Greek mainland, Hungary, Iceland, Italian mainland, Madeira, Norwegian mainland, Poland, Russia - East and North, Slovakia, Spanish mainland, Sweden and Switzerland (Michelsen in Fauna Europaea). Also recorded in Japan (Suwa, 1974), Canada and Alaska (Griffiths, 1991). NBN Atlas links to known host species:
British and Irish Parasitoids in Britain and elsewhere:
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| External links: | Search the internet: |
| Biodiversity Heritage Library Bladmineerders van Europa British leafminers Encyclopedia of Life Fauna Europaea NBN Atlas NHM UK Checklist |
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| Last updated 09-Jul-2019 Brian Pitkin |  |
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