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Leaf-mine: Narrow corridor, spiralling around the leaves; often a part of the mine runs in the deeper parts. Frass in strings, but not in the typical pattern. Pupation as a rule within the mine (Bladmineerders van Europa).

Larva: The larvae of flies are leg-less maggots without a head capsule (see examples). They never have thoracic or abdominal legs. They do not have chewing mouthparts, although they do have a characteristic cephalo-pharyngeal skeleton (see examples), usually visible internally through the body wall.

Puparium: The puparia of flies are formed within the hardened last larval skin or puparium and as a result sheaths enclosing head appendages, wings and legs are not visible externally (see examples).

Hosts in Great Britain and Ireland:

Hosts elsewhere:

Juncaginaceae
Triglochin	maritimum	Sea Arrowgrass		von Tschirnhaus, 1981
Triglochin	maritimum	Sea Arrowgrass		Spencer, 1990: 340
Triglochin	maritimum	Sea Arrowgrass		Bladmineerders van Europa
Triglochin	palustre	Marsh Arrowgrass		von Tschirnhaus, 1981
Triglochin	palustre	Marsh Arrowgrass		Spencer, 1990: 340

Time of year - larvae: Currently unknown.

Time of year - adults: Currently unknown.

Distribution in Great Britain and Ireland: Coastal. Suffolk (Aldeburgh, Holme and Butley) (Spencer, 1972b: 57); Glamorgan (NBN Atlas).

Distribution elsewhere: Widespread in continental Europe including Germany (Schleswig-Holstein) (von Tschirnhaus, 1981); Denmark, Sweden (Spencer, 1976: 255; Spencer, 1990: 340) and Poland (Fauna Europaea).

NBN Atlas links to known host species:

British and Irish Parasitoids in Britain and elsewhere: Currently unknown.