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Stem-mine: A shallow external stem-mine (Spencer, 1972b: 29).

The mine generally starts as a fine, lower-surface, corridor the seems to end upon a thick vein. In reality the corridor continues by way of the petiole to the stem, where a very long mine is formed in the rind. Frass in widely spaced grains. Pupation within the mine, mostly just above a node; the anterior spiracles penetrate the epidermis (Bladmineerders van Europa).

Larva: The larvae of flies are leg-less maggots without a head capsule (see examples). They never have thoracic or abdominal legs. They do not have chewing mouthparts, although they do have a characteristic cephalo-pharyngeal skeleton (see examples), usually visible internally through the body wall.

The larva is briefly described by de Meijere (1943).

Puparium: The puparia of flies are formed within the hardened last larval skin or puparium and as a result sheaths enclosing head appendages, wings and legs are not visible externally (see examples).

Pale brown; posterior spiracles each with 8-11 bulbs (Spencer, 1972b: 29).

Comments: Lychnis flos-cuculi is treated as Silene flos-cuculi (Ragged-Robin) by Stace (2010).

Hosts in Great Britain and Ireland:

Caryophyllaceae
Lychnis	flos-cuculi	Ragged-Robin		Spencer, 1972b: 110
Moehringia	trinervia	Three-nerved Sandwort		Spencer, 1972b: 110
Silene				Spencer, 1972b: 29
Silene	dioica	Red Campion		Robbins, 1991: 34
Silene	dioica	Red Campion		Spencer, 1972b: 110

Hosts elsewhere:

Caryophyllaceae
Cerastium	glomeratum	Sticky Mouse-ear		Bladmineerders van Europa
Cerastium	holosteoides			Bladmineerders van Europa
Malachium	aquaticum			Bladmineerders van Europa
Moehringia				Spencer, 1990: 63
Moehringia	trinervia	Three-nerved Sandwort		Bladmineerders van Europa
Silene				Spencer, 1990: 63
Silene	alba			Bladmineerders van Europa
Silene	dioica	Red Campion		Bladmineerders van Europa
Stellaria				Spencer, 1990: 63
Stellaria	media	Common Chickweed		Bladmineerders van Europa
Stellaria	nemorum	Wood Stitchwort		Bladmineerders van Europa

Time of year - mines: September (Hering, 1957).

Time of year - adults: Currently unknown.

Distribution in Great Britain and Ireland: Local. Huntingdonshire (Woodwalton Fen), Monmouthshire (Gower Peninsula) (Spencer, 1972b: 29) and Warwickshire (The Bogs and Bedworth) (Robbins, 1991: 34). South-west Yorkshire (NBN Atlas)

Distribution elsewhere: Widespread in continental Europe including The Netherlands (Bladmineerders van Europa), Czech Republic, French mainland, Germany, Lithuania, Poland, Slovakia and Spanish mainland (Fauna Europaea).

NBN Atlas links to known host species:

British and Irish Parasitoids in Britain and elsewhere: Currently unknown.