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Stem-borer: Larva at first feeds upwards in the previous year's wood and later turns to feed downwards sometimes penetrating the root. Pupation in the ground (Spencer, 1976: 154).

Larva: The larvae of flies are leg-less maggots without a head capsule (see examples). They never have thoracic or abdominal legs. They do not have chewing mouthparts, although they do have a characteristic cephalo-pharyngeal skeleton (see examples), usually visible internally through the body wall.

The larval mouth-parts have one strong and one smaller tooth and a strongly chitinised area behind, the lower arm of the cephalo-pharyngeal skeleton is conspicuously short (Spencer, 1976: 153, 154 (fig. 279)). The posterior spiracular processes are closely adjoiningg, each with three minute pores and there is a single pointed protuberance above the anus (Spencer, 1976: 154 (fig. 280)).

Puparium: The puparia of flies are formed within the hardened last larval skin or puparium and as a result sheaths enclosing head appendages, wings and legs are not visible externally (see examples).

Reddish-brown (Spencer, 1976: 154).

Hosts in Great Britain and Ireland:

Hosts elsewhere:

Time of year - larvae: Oviposition normally takes place in young twigs at the end of May or early June; feeding continues until late August or September (Spencer, 1976: 154).

Time of year - adults: Currently unknown.

Distribution in Great Britain and Ireland: Hertfordshire (Felden), Cambridge (Kirtling), Cornwall (Truro) and Dunbartonshire (Bonhill) (Spencer, 1972b: 44).

Distribution elsewhere: Widespread in continental Europe including Austria, Denmark, Norway (Spencer, 1976: 153), Belgium, Hungary, Poland, Spanish mainland and The Netherlands (Fauna Europaea).

NBN Atlas links to known host species:

British and Irish Parasitoids in Britain and elsewhere: