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Leaf-miner: A long, narrow, upper surface mine widening at the end and with frass in conspicuous black strips. Pupation normally takes place on the ground but the puparium not infrequently remains in the exit slit at the end of the mine (Spencer, 1976: 370, 371 (fig. 645)).

Upper surface corridor from start to end. The frass liquifies partly, forming a a broad dark-brown central band. Pupation mostly outsaide the mine, but the puparium may often be found within. In that case often an untidy exit slit has been formed; the anterior spiracles do not penetrate the epidermis (Bladmineerders van Europa).

A long upper surface gallery. Frass broad, linear, conspicuous and black (British leafminers).

Larva: The larvae of flies are leg-less maggots without a head capsule (see examples). They never have thoracic or abdominal legs. They do not have chewing mouthparts, although they do have a characteristic cephalo-pharyngeal skeleton (see examples), usually visible internally through the body wall.

The larva is described by de Meijere (1926).

Puparium: The puparia of flies are formed within the hardened last larval skin or puparium and as a result sheaths enclosing head appendages, wings and legs are not visible externally (see examples).

Yellowish-brown; posterior spiracles each with some 17 bulbs (Spencer, 1976: 370).

Hosts in Great Britain and Ireland:

Cornaceae
Cornus				Mines in BMNH
Cornus				Robbins, 1991: 63
Cornus	sanguinea	Dogwood		British leafminers
Cornus	sanguinea	Dogwood		Mines in BMNH
Cornus	sanguinea	Dogwood		Spencer, 1972b: 115

Hosts elsewhere:

Cornaceae
Cornus				Spencer, 1976: 370
Cornus	alba	White Dogwood		Bladmineerders van Europa
Cornus	canadensis	Creeping Dogwood		Spencer, 1990: 154
Cornus	mas	Cornelian-cherry		Bladmineerders van Europa
Cornus	sanguinea	Dogwood		Spencer, 1976: 370
Cornus	sanguinea	Dogwood		Bladmineerders van Europa
Cornus	sericea	Red-osier Dogwood		Bladmineerders van Europa

Time of year - mines: July-November.

Time of year - adults: Currently unknown.

Distribution in Great Britain and Ireland: Probably widespread. Kent (Darenth), Sussex (Southlease), Devon (Wonwell), Norfolk (Norwich) (Spencer, 1972b: 95), Warwickshire (Coventry and Kingsbury) (Robbins, 1991: 63); Denbighshire, East Gloucestershire, East Suffolk, Glamorgan, Huntingdonshire, Huntingdonshire, Leicestershire, Monmouthhshire, North somerset, North Wiltshire, Nottinghmashire, Shropshire, South Lancashire, South-west Yorkshire, Surrey, West Gluocestershire and West Lancashire (NBN Atlas).

Also recorded in the Republic of Ireland (Martinez, 2007 in Fauna Europaea).

Distribution elsewhere: Widespread in continental Europe including the Belgium (de Bruyn and von Tschirnhaus, 1991), Germany (Spencer, 1976: 370), The Netherlands, Luxembourg (Bladmineerders van Europa), Austria, Belarus, ? Corsica, Czech Republic, Denmark, European Turkey, French mainland, Iceland, Italian mainland, Lithuania, Madeira, Poland, Sardinia, Slovakia, Spanish mainland, Sweden and Switzerland (Martinez, 2007 in Fauna Europaea).

Range extending eastwards to the Kirghiz Republic of the [former] U.S.S.R. (Spencer, 1976: 370).

Also recorded in Canada and the U.S.A. (Spencer, 1976: 370).

NBN Atlas links to known host species:

British and Irish Parasitoids in Britain and elsewhere: