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Leaf-miner: An irregular whitish, linear mine, frass in conspicuous black strips (Spencer, 1972b: 72 (fig. 235), 77; Spencer, 1976: 409 (fig. 717), 410).

Wide corridor, generally upper-surface but not rarely, partly or entirely, lower-surface. Primary feeding lines distinct. Frass at first in grains, later in short thread fragments to two close rows along the sides. Pupation outside the mine (Bladmineerders van Europa).

An irregular, whitish gallery, usually upper side, but sometimes starting lower side. Frass conspicuous (British leafminers).

Larva: The larvae of flies are leg-less maggots without a head capsule (see examples). They never have thoracic or abdominal legs. They do not have chewing mouthparts, although they do have a characteristic cephalo-pharyngeal skeleton (see examples), usually visible internally through the body wall.

The larva is described by de Meijere (1926) and illustrated in Bladmineerders van Europa

Puparium: The puparia of flies are formed within the hardened last larval skin or puparium and as a result sheaths enclosing head appendages, wings and legs are not visible externally (see examples).

Yellow (brown); posterior spiracles each with an ellipse of up to 13 bulbs (Spencer, 1976: 410).

Hosts in Great Britain and Ireland:

Fabaceae
Laburnum				Robbins, 1991: 41
Laburnum	anagyroides	Laburnum		British leafminers
Laburnum	anagyroides	Laburnum	/a>	Mines in BMNH
Laburnum	anagyroides	Laburnum		Spencer, 1972b: 117

Hosts elsewhere:

Fabaceae
Cytisus				Spencer, 1990: 113
Laburnum				Spencer, 1990: 113
Laburnum	anagyroides	Laburnum		Spencer, 1976: 410
Laburnum	anagyroides	Laburnum		Bladmineerders van Europa

Time of year - mines: July, October.

Time of year - adults: Currently unknown.

Distribution in Great Britain and Ireland: Widespread in Britain including London (Hampstead), Oxford (Oxford), Suffolk (Newmarket) (Spencer, 1972b: 77), Hampshire (Fleet) (British leafminers), Warwickshire (Coventry) (Robbins, 1991: 41) Carmarthenshire, East Suffolk, Easterness, Edinburgh, Glamorgan, South-west Yorkshire, Warwickshire and West Ross (NBN Atlas).

Distribution elsewhere: Common in western Europe (Spencer, 1976: 409) including The Netherlands (Bladmineerders van Europa), Belgium (de Bruyn and von Tschirnhaus, 1991), Germany (Spencer, 1976: 570), Czech Republic, French mainland, Poland and Sweden (Fauna Europaea).

NBN Atlas links to known host species:

British and Irish Parasitoids in Britain and elsewhere: