Phytomyza
minuscula Goureau, 1851
[Diptera:
Agromyzidae]
Columbine
leaf miner
Phytomyza
minuscula Goureau, 1851. Annls. Soc. ent. Fr. (2)9:
153
Phytomyza minuscula Goureau, 1851; Hendel, 1935. Fliegen
palaearkt. Reg. 6(2): 433
Phytomyza minuscula Goureau, 1851; Spencer, 1972b. Handbk
ident. Br. Ins. 10(5g): 10, 71, 83 (fig. 269B), 90
Phytomyza minuscula Goureau, 1851; Spencer, 1976. Fauna ent. Scand. 5(1): 381 (figs 663B; 450, 790
Phytomyza minuscula Goureau, 1851; Spencer, 1990. Host
specialization in the World Agromyzidae (Diptera) : 22, 43,
47, 48 (fig. 185), 50.
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Leaf-miner: Larva
forming short, irregular white linear mine, with frass in conspicuous
black strips. Pupation external, normally adhering to the leaf near
the end of the mine until dislodged by rain or wind (Spencer, 1972b: 83 (fig. 269B; Spencer,
1976: 381 (figs 663B), 450).
A
pale green, upper-surface, fairly broad, waving corridor; relatively
short, up to 7 cm. Frass at first in grains, later in short thread
fragments or pearl strings, at either side of the corridor. Often
several mines in a leaf. Pupation outside the mine, exit slit in
lower epidermis (Bladmineerders van Europa).
A relatively broad, short upper surface gallery. Frass in conspicuous black stripes (British
leafminers).
The
mine is also illustrated in the Encyclopedia of Life.
Larva: The larvae of flies are leg-less maggots without a head capsule (see examples). They never have thoracic or abdominal legs. They do not have chewing mouthparts, although they do have a characteristic cephalo-pharyngeal skeleton (see examples), usually visible internally through the body wall.
The larva is described by de Meijere (1925),
Allen (1958) and Sasakawa (1961).
Puparium: The puparia of flies are formed within the hardened last larval skin or puparium and as a result sheaths enclosing head appendages, wings and legs are not visible externally (see examples).
Reddish-brown (orange) (Spencer,
1976: 450).
Adult: The adult is illustrated in the Encyclopedia
of Life.
Hosts in Great Britain and Ireland:
Hosts
elsewhere:
Time
of year - mines: June-September.
Time
of year - adults: Currently unknown.
Distribution
in Great Britain and Ireland: Common and widespread throughout
the Britain, particularly in gardens (Spencer, 1972b) including Warwickshire (Coventry) (Robbins,
1991), Hampshire (Fleet) (British
leafminers); Caernarvonshire, Caithness, Cambridgeshire, East Gloucestershire, East Norfolk, East Rosss, Easterness, Edinburgh, Glamorgan, Leicestershire, Main Argyll, Mid Perthsire, Mid-west Yorkshire, North Ebudes, North Somerset, North-east Yorkshire, Pembrokeshire, Shetland, Shropshire,
South Lancashire, South-west Yorkshire, West Gloucestershire, West Ross, West Sutherland, Westmorland, and Wigtownshire (NBN
Atlas).
Also
recorded in the Republic of Ireland (Fauna Europaea). Distribution
elsewhere: Widespread in much of Europe including Denmark, Norway,
Sweden (Spencer, 1976: 450),
Switzerland (Mines in BMNH); The Netherlands, Luxembourg (Bladmineerders van Europa), Belgium (de
Bruyn and von Tschirnhaus, 1991) and Germany (Spencer,
1976: 574), French mainland, Lithuania, Poland and Spanish mainland
(Fauna Europaea).
Also
recorded in the western U.S.A., the Himalayas and northern India
(Spencer, 1990: 28). NBN Atlas links to known host species:
British and Irish Parasitoids in Britain and elsewhere:
Chalcidoidea |
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Chrysocharis
liriomyzae Delucchi, 1954 |
Eulophidae: Entedoninae |
Chrysocharis
orbicularis (Nees, 1834) |
Eulophidae: Entedoninae |
Chrysocharis
pentheus (Walker, 1839) |
Eulophidae: Entedoninae |
Closterocerus
trifasciatus Westwood, 1833 |
Eulophidae: Entedoninae |
Hemiptarsenus
unguicellus (Zetterstedt, 1838) |
Eulophidae: Entedoninae |
Diglyphus
chabrias (Walker, 1838) |
Eulophidae: Eulophinae |
Diglyphus
isaea (Walker, 1838) |
Eulophidae: Eulophinae |
Pnigalio
soemius (Walker, 1839) |
Eulophidae: Eulophinae |
Ichneumonoidea - Links to species no longer available |
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Opius
minusculae Fischer, 1967 |
Braconidae: Opiinae |
Opius
pallipes Wesmael, 1835 |
Braconidae: Opiinae |
Phaedrotoma minusculae (Fischer, 1967) |
Braconidae: Opiinae |
Phaedrotoma staryi Fischer, 1958 |
Braconidae: Opiinae |
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