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Leaf-miner/ Galler: Larva feeding in the mid-rib or flower stalk where a gall-like swelling is produced (see also Redfern et al., 2002: 453, fig. 914). Pupation at base of leaf, near exit hole prepared by larva prior to pupation (see also Redfern et al., 2002: 453, figs 915).

The larva lives in a corridor of just a few cm long within the midrib. The leaf is stunted and the midrib is strongy swollen, gall-like. In the end the mine turns red. Pupation within the mine, near a previously made exit in the upper surface of the mine (Bladmineerders van Europa).

Larva: The larvae of flies are leg-less maggots without a head capsule (see examples). They never have thoracic or abdominal legs. They do not have chewing mouthparts, although they do have a characteristic cephalo-pharyngeal skeleton (see examples), usually visible internally through the body wall.

Puparium: The puparia of flies are formed within the hardened last larval skin or puparium and as a result sheaths enclosing head appendages, wings and legs are not visible externally (see examples).

Hosts in Great Britain and Ireland:

Asteraceae
Taraxacum	officinale	Dandelion		Spencer, 1972b; 115

Hosts elsewhere:

Asteraceae
Taraxacum				Spencer, 1976: 527
Taraxacum				Spencer, 1990: 259
Taraxacum	officinale	Dandelion		Bladmineerders van Europa

Time of year - mines: Currently unknown.

Time of year - adults: Currently unknown.

Distribution in Great Britain and Ireland: Widespread, at least in south. London (Hampstead), Hertfordshire (New Barnet), Hampshire (New Forest), Dorset (Studland), Suffolk (Newmarket) (Spencer, 1972b: 87, as taraxacocoecis); Breconshire,. Cambridgeshire, East Cornwall, Monmouthshire, Montgomeryshire, South-west Yorkshire, West Glocestershire and Westmorland (NBN Atlas).

Also recorded in the Republic of Ireland (Fauna Europaea).

Distribution elsewhere: Widespread in continental Europe from Swiss Alps to Faroe Is., including Denmark, Finland, Norway, Sweden (Spencer, 1976: 527), Germany (Spencer, 1976: 582), Belarus, Czech Republic, Estonia, French mainland, Italian mainland, Lithuania and Poland (Fauna Europaea).

Also recorded from the East Palaearctic and Nearctic Region (Fauna Europaea).

NBN Atlas links to known host species:

British and Irish Parasitoids in Britain and elsewhere: