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Leaf miner: Large, transparent, in fresh condition pale green blotch that begins at the leaf margin, without an accumulation of frass. Mine and larva are undistinguishable from those of S. vicina, but vicina larvae live from mid May till mid June, while the larvae of betuleti are found only in August - October (Bladmineerders van Europa).

The mine is also illustrated in (British leafminers.

Larva: The larvae of sawflies have a head capsule, chewing mouthparts with opposable mandibles, six thoracic legs and abdominal legs (although they may be reduced) (see examples).

The larva has three smaller ventral spots and dark legs (British leafminers). Illustrated in Bladmineerders van Europa.

Pupa: The pupae of sawflies have visible head appendages, wings and legs which lie in sheaths.

Adult: The adult is illustrated in ECatSym - Electronic World Catalog of Symphyta.

Hosts in Great Britain and Ireland:

Hosts elsewhere:

Betulaceae
Alnus	viridis	Green Alder		Bladmineerders van Europa
Betula	ermani			Bladmineerders van Europa
Betula	humilis			Bladmineerders van Europa
Betula	lutea			Bladmineerders van Europa
Betula	obscura			Bladmineerders van Europa
Betula	pendula	Silver Birch		Bladmineerders van Europa
Betula	pubescens	Downy Birch		Bladmineerders van Europa

Time of year - larvae: Early Summer and Autumn (British leafminers).

Time of year - adults: Currently unknown.

Comments: Full synonymy and references are listed in ECatSym - Electronic World Catalog of Symphyta.

Distribution in Great Britain and Ireland: Widespread in Britain including Bedfordshire, Berkshire, Buckinghamshire, Cumberland, Derbyshire, Glamorgan, Leicestershire, Middlesex, South Lancashire, South Northumberland, South Wiltshire, South-east Yorkshire, Surrey and West Suffolk (NBN Atlas). Mines and larvae on Alnus viridis have recently been recorded from Orkney by Derek Mayes (pers. comm.), which given the time of year are most likely Scolioneura betuleti.

Distribution elsewhere: Widespread in continental Europe including Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, ? Czech Republic, Danish mainland, ? Estonia, Finland, French mainland, Germany, Hungary, Italian mainland, Latvia, Luxembourg, Poland, Russia - Central, Slovakia, Spanish mainland, Sweden, The Netherlands and Ukraine (Fauna Europaea).

NBN Atlas links to known host species:

British and Irish Parasitoids in Britain and elsewhere: