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Leaf-miner: Makes short, straight mines, with little frass. The larva crosses from leaf to leaf through the stem. It pupariates in the stalk, rarely in the leaf (British leafminers). A corridor that enters the leaf from its base. The larva migrates from one leaf to the other by way of the stem. Pupation in the mine, usually in the stem, less often in a leaf (Bladmineerders van Europa).

Larva: The larvae of flies are leg-less maggots without a head capsule (see examples). They never have thoracic or abdominal legs. They do not have chewing mouthparts, although they do have a characteristic cephalo-pharyngeal skeleton (see examples), usually visible internally through the body wall.

Puparium: The puparia of flies are formed within the hardened last larval skin or puparium and as a result sheaths enclosing head appendages, wings and legs are not visible externally (see examples).

Comments: Irwin and Chandler in Chandler (1978) did not indicate whether their host records were British or Foreign and are therefore tentatively included under 'Hosts in Britain' and 'Hosts elsewhere'.

Hosts in Great Britain and Ireland:

Callitrichaceae
? Callitriche				Irwin and Chandler in Chandler, 1978: 225
Hydrocharitaceae
? Hydrocharis	morsus-ranae	Frog-bit		Irwin and Chandler in Chandler, 1978: 225
Stratiotes				Pitkin & Plant

Hosts elsewhere:

Callitrichaceae
? Callitriche				Irwin and Chandler in Chandler, 1978: 225
Callitriche				Hering, 1957
Callitriche	stagnalis			Bladmineerders van Europa
Hydrocharitaceae
? Hydrocharis	morsus-ranae	Frog-bit		Irwin and Chandler in Chandler, 1978: 225
Potamogetonaceae				Bladmineerders van Europa
Potamogeton				Hering, 1957
Potamogeton

Time of year - mines: Currently unknown.

Time of year - adults: Currently unknown.

Distribution in Great Britain and Ireland: Britain including Ayrshire, Cambridgeshire, Derbyshire, East Suffolk, Glamorgan, Leicestershire, North Essex, North-east Yorkshire, Pembrokeshire, South Hampshire, South-west Yorkshire, West Norfolk, West Suffolk and Westmorland (NBN Atlas).

Distribution elsewhere: Widespread in continental Europe including Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Czech Republic, Estonia, Finland, French mainland, Germany, Hungary, Italian mainland, Madeira, Norwegian mainland, Poland, Sicily, Slovakia, Spanish mainland, Sweden, Switzerland and The Netherlands (Zatwarnicki, 2004 in Fauna Europaea).

NBN Atlas links to known host species:

British and Irish Parasitoids in Britain and elsewhere: