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Leaf-miner: A narrow linear mine in the first instar, later producing a large irregular whitish blotch with conspicuous black frass. Pupation external (Spencer, 1972b: 47 (fig. 144), 50; Spencer, 1976: 297 (fig. 536), 298).

Long untidy corridor that irregularly widens and narrows. Frass in lumps, strings or thread fragments. Pupation outside the mine (Bladmineerders van Europa).

The larva forms a narrow linear mine in the first instar, later producing a large irregular whitish blotch with conspicuous black frass (British leafminers).

The mine is also illustrated in the Encyclopedia of Life.

Larva: The larvae of flies are leg-less maggots without a head capsule (see examples). They never have thoracic or abdominal legs. They do not have chewing mouthparts, although they do have a characteristic cephalo-pharyngeal skeleton (see examples), usually visible internally through the body wall.

The larva is described by de Meijere (1925, as impatientis), Dempewolf (2001: 129) and illustrated in Bladmineerders van Europa.