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Leaf-miner: Mine irregularly linear, whitish, distinctly widening, most frequently on lower leaves. Pupation external (Spencer, 1972b: 79).

Long, slender corridor, gnerally upper-surface with a lower-surface beginning. Frass in irregular, but not conncted, grains. Pupation outside the mine (Bladmineerders van Europa).

A long, irregular galley which widens distinctly, upper surface, but often starting lower surface and sometimes forming a secondary blotch. Most frequently on lower leaves (British leafminers).

Larva: The larvae of flies are leg-less maggots without a head capsule (see examples). They never have thoracic or abdominal legs. They do not have chewing mouthparts, although they do have a characteristic cephalo-pharyngeal skeleton (see examples), usually visible internally through the body wall.

The larva is described by Hering (1954); posterior spiracles each with 18-20 bulbs.

Puparium: The puparia of flies are formed within the hardened last larval skin or puparium and as a result sheaths enclosing head appendages, wings and legs are not visible externally (see examples).

Black; posterior spiracles each with an irregular ellipse of some 20 bulbs (Spencer, 1976: 440).

Hosts in Great Britain and Ireland:

Asteraceae
? Leucanthemum	x superbum			Robbins, 1991: 116, as Chrysanthemum maximum
Leucanthemum	vulgare	Oxeye Daisy		British leafminers
Leucanthemum	vulgare	Oxeye Daisy		Mines in BMNH
Leucanthemum	vulgare	Oxeye Daisy		Robbins, 1991: 116
Leucanthemum	vulgare	Oxeye Daisy		Spencer, 1972b: 112

Hosts elsewhere:

Asteraceae
Chrysanthemum	carinatum			Bladmineerders van Europa
Chrysanthemum	corymbosum			Bladmineerders van Europa
Chrysanthemum	indicum			Bladmineerders van Europa
Leucanthemum				Spencer, 1990: 301
Leucanthemum	x superbum			Bladmineerders van Europa, as Leucanthemum maximum
Leucanthemum	vulgare	Oxeye Daisy		Spencer, 1976: 440
Leucanthemum	vulgare	Oxeye Daisy		Bladmineerders van Europa

Time of year - mines: August.

Time of year - adults: Currently unknown.

Distribution in Great Britain and Ireland: Widespread but local. Surrey (Box Hill), Hertfordshire (East Barnet), Perthshire (Killin) (Spencer, 1972b: 79), Berkshire (Dinton Pastures), Hampshire (Fleet) (British leafminers), Warwickshire (Foleshill) (Robbins, 1991: 116); Cambridgeshire, Shropshire, South-west Yorkshire, Surrey and West Gloucestershire (NBN Atlas).

Also recorded from Oxeye Daisy (Leucanthemum vulgare), 12 June 1985 at Castlecurragh, Co. Limerick, Ireland (H.C.J. Godfray).

Distribution elsewhere: Widespread and not uncommon in many parts of Europe including Norway, Sweden (Spencer, 1976: 440), The Netherlands (Bladmineerders van Europa), Germany (Spencer, 1976: 574), ? Albania, Czech Republic, Denmark, French mainland, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland and Slovenia (Fauna Europaea).

NBN Atlas links to known host species:

British and Irish Parasitoids in Britain and elsewhere: